说谎反馈的神经机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 11:09

本文选题：说谎　切入点：反馈　出处：《浙江师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：很多研究者致力于使用事件相关电位技术来研究识别谎言或者隐瞒信息。这些研究大部分都主要关注基于P300成分的隐瞒信息测谎范式(Concealed Information Test, CIT),把P300振幅作为再认隐瞒信息的指标。而根据反馈的强化学习理论,反馈的振幅是基于真实结果和预期结果的不同。由于在测谎中遇到犯罪相关信息时,犯罪者常常有否认犯罪信息的动机,并且期待不被发现。所以当一个反馈刺激出现时,我们期待相对犯罪无关信息来说,犯罪相关刺激后跟随的反馈刺激会诱发出更大的反馈相关负波(Feedback-Related Negativity, FRN)。鉴于近年来基于P300成分测谎的鉴别率的降低,本研究致力于探索反馈刺激诱发的反馈相关负波FRN用来区分犯罪的可行性,从而用作测谎的又一指标。本研究以修订的经典测谎范式,并加入反馈刺激为手段,进行了两个实验研究。实验使用一个改进的隐瞒自传体信息测谎范式,并加入反馈刺激,探讨反馈刺激是否可以像CIT经典刺激一样,诱发出可以区分探测刺激和无关刺激的脑电成分。实验使用Stim2呈现刺激,记录反应时与正确率。使用Neuroscan脑电仪收集脑电信号。实验中被试拟定自己是一名间谍,要隐瞒自己的名字,不被测谎仪发现。实验二使用一个改进的犯罪相关信息测谎范式(Guilty Knowledge Test, GKT),并加入反馈刺激,再一次探讨测谎范式中加入的反馈刺激是否会诱发出反馈相关负波。实验同样使用Stim2呈现刺激,记录反应时和正确率。使用Neuroscan脑电仪收集脑电信号。实验二中犯罪组被试拟定自己为一个小偷,先进行一次模拟犯罪,偷一枚戒指,然后要隐瞒自己的偷窃信息,不被测谎仪发现。研究得出以下结论： 1、对于隐瞒信息,说谎的反应时长于说真话。 2、对于犯罪组被试,探测刺激相对于无关刺激,会诱发出更正的P300。在无辜组被试中,则没有差异。说明P300可以用来测谎。 3、对于犯罪组被试,探测刺激后跟随的反馈相对于无关刺激后跟随的反馈,会诱发出更正的反馈相关负波。在无辜组被试中,则没有差异。说明FRN可以用来测谎。 4、对于犯罪组被试,探测刺激后跟随的反馈相对于无关刺激后跟随的反馈,会诱发出更正P300。在无辜组被试中,则没有差异。说明反馈刺激诱发的P300可以用来测谎。 5、利用反馈刺激诱发的FRN成分和P300成分测谎的准确率可以达到90%以上。
[Abstract]:Many researchers have focused on the use of event-related potentials to identify lies or conceal information. Most of these studies have focused on the P300-based lie detection paradigm, Concealed Information Test, CITs, using P300 amplitude as recognition. Indicators for withholding information. And based on feedback reinforcement learning theory, The amplitude of the feedback is based on the difference between the real result and the expected result. Because the offender often has a motive to deny the criminal information and expect not to be discovered when he encounters information about the crime in the lie detector, so when a feedback stimuli occurs, We expect that the feedback stimuli followed by crime-related stimuli will elicit larger feedback correlated negative waves, FRNs, relative to crime related information, given the decline in polygraph detection rates based on the P300 component in recent years. The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of the feedback related negative wave (FRN) which is induced by feedback stimulation to distinguish crimes and thus to be used as another indicator of polygraph detection. In this study, two experimental studies were carried out using the revised classical polygraph and adding feedback stimuli. The experiment used an improved lie detection paradigm to conceal autobiographical information and added feedback stimuli. To explore whether feedback stimuli can induce EEG components that distinguish between probe and irrelevant stimuli, like the classic CIT stimuli, the experiment used Stim2 to present stimuli. Record the reaction time and accuracy. Use the Neuroscan EEG to collect EEG signals. In the experiment, the subjects drew up that they were a spy to conceal their name, Experiment 2 used an improved crime related information lie detection paradigm, Guilty Knowledge Test, GKT, and added feedback stimuli. Again, whether the feedback stimuli added to the lie detector paradigm would induce the feedback related negative waves. The experiment also used Stim2 to present the stimuli. Record reaction time and correct rate. Use Neuroscan EEG to collect EEG signals. In experiment 2, the crime group decided to be a thief, first committed a simulated crime, stole a ring, and then hid their theft information. Not to be found by the lie detector. The study draws the following conclusions:. 1. The reaction to withholding information and lying is longer than telling the truth. (2) for the crime group, the detection stimulus is relative to the unrelated stimulus, which will induce the corrected P300. In the innocent group, there is no difference. It shows that the P300 can be used for polygraph detection. (3) for the crime group, the feedback after detecting the stimulus is relative to the feedback followed by the unrelated stimulus, which will induce the correction of the negative wave of feedback, but in the innocent group, there is no difference. It shows that FRN can be used to detect polygraph. (4) for the crime group, the feedback after detecting the stimulus was relative to the feedback followed by the unrelated stimulus, which would induce the correction P300, but in the innocent group, there was no difference, which indicated that the P300 induced by the feedback stimulation could be used to detect polygraph. 5. The accuracy of polygraph detection of FRN and P300 components induced by feedback stimulation can reach more than 90%.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B845

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