正强化和负强化:概念、争议与神经机制

发布时间：2018-03-28 20:45

本文选题：正强化　切入点：负强化　出处：《心理科学》2017年05期

【摘要】：1975年,Michael首次正式提出应放弃"正强化"和"负强化"术语的使用,引起对"正强化和负强化是否本质上具有区别"这一问题的关注和争议。正负强化究竟本质上是否有区分、如何区分、以及区分它们的意义等问题,得到了众多行为心理学家的深入探讨。多数学者再度阐明正强化和负强化具有不同的心理机制,加以区分具有重要应用意义,主张沿用对它们的区分。最近,对正负强化神经机制的研究取得突破性进展,进一步揭示它们具有截然不同的神经相关过程。我们建议,分析强化作用进行时,机体是否在环境条件作用下已经偏离了基础、正常的心理稳态,有助于规范理解强化物启动的是正还是负强化的神经过程。
[Abstract]:In 1975, Michael first formally proposed that the use of the terms "positive reinforcement" and "negative reinforcement" should be abandoned, which caused concern and controversy over whether "positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are essentially different". The question of how to distinguish between them and their significance has been deeply discussed by many behavioral psychologists. Most scholars have once again stated that positive and negative reinforcement have different psychological mechanisms, and that distinguishing between positive and negative reinforcement is of great practical significance. Recent breakthroughs have been made in the study of the positive and negative neural reinforcement mechanisms, further revealing that they have distinct neuro-related processes. We suggest that, when the reinforcement is under way, Whether the body has deviated from the basic under the environmental conditions, the normal psychological steady state is helpful to the normative understanding whether the reinforcement initiates the positive or negative enhancement neural process.
【作者单位】：现代教学技术教育部重点实验室陕西师范大学教师专业能力发展中心;
【基金】：陕西师范大学研究生培养创新基金(2015CXS009) 陕西省重点科技创新团队项目(2014KTC-18)的资助
【分类号】：B84-063

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