不同内隐公正世界信念个体的注意偏向及其机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 12:17

本文选题：公正世界信念　切入点：内隐联想测验　出处：《河北师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：公正世界信念是指个体存在这样一种信念:即相信他们生活在一个公正的世界,在这个世界里人们往往会得其所应得,所得即应得,好人会得到好报,坏人会得到坏报。公正世界信念自1965年被Lerner提出以来,迅速成为心理学家和社会学家的研究热点,这些研究的一个主要争论是公正世界信念到底是何种结构及具有几个维度,而且大多数公正世界信念的测量都使用问卷、量表等自我报告法,但是公正世界信念往往是内隐的,对公正世界信念进行单纯的外显测量并不能对个体的公正世界信念进行全面的了解,而且对公正世界信念内隐层面上的研究相对较少,因此有必要对个体的内隐公正世界信念进行研究。以往有关公正世界信念的研究大多集中在其对无辜受害者的态度、情绪及行为的影响研究上,而较少关注公正世界信念对信息加工的影响,比如公正世界信念是如何影响个体对事件的注意、记忆、判断和解释等。尤其是,注意作为信息加工的基础阶段,是个体完成各种行为的重要条件,根据相关文献可以推测公正世界信念可能会影响个体的注意,但研究者却没有对此进行关注,本研究便着眼于此填补了这一空白,深入探讨了内隐公正世界信念对注意的影响。本研究旨在探讨内隐公正世界信念对注意的影响,即探索不同内隐公正世界信念个体的注意偏向特点以及产生注意偏向的机制,据此进行了三个研究。研究一从内隐的层面对公正世界信念进行了研究,采用内隐联想测验测量个体的内隐公正世界信念,并计算分析了该测验的敏感性指标、信度等,结果发现该测验具有良好的敏感性,以及较好的一致性信度和重测信度。研究二着眼于不同公正世界信念个体的注意特点,在研究一测得的内隐公正世界信念的基础上,利用点探测范式探讨不同内隐公正世界信念个体的注意偏向特点。研究三则是对研究二的深入,在了解不同内隐公正世界信念个体注意偏向特点后,利用线索靶子范式探索产生注意偏向的机制。通过研究得出以下结论:(1)公正世界信念的IAT测验可以作为测量公正世界信念的一种工具,可应用于研究。(2)高内隐公正世界信念个体对公正刺激产生注意偏向(3)高内隐公正世界信念个体对公正刺激产生注意偏向原因是对公正刺激的注意警觉。
[Abstract]:The belief in the just world refers to the belief that individuals live in a just world in which people often get what they deserve, what they get, good people get good things, bad people get bad results.Since it was put forward by Lerner in 1965, the Fair World belief has rapidly become a hot research topic of psychologists and sociologists. One of the main arguments in these studies is what kind of structure and several dimensions the Fair World beliefs are.And most just world beliefs are measured using self-reporting methods such as questionnaires and scales, but just world beliefs are often implicit.A simple explicit measurement of the belief in the just world cannot fully understand the belief in the just world of the individual, and there are relatively few studies on the implicit level of the belief in the just world.Therefore, it is necessary to study the belief in the implicit and just world of the individual.Previous studies on the belief in a just world have focused mostly on its impact on the attitudes, emotions and behaviour of innocent victims, while less on the impact of belief in the just world on information processing.For example, how belief in the just world affects the individual's attention, memory, judgment, and interpretation of events.In particular, attention, as the basic stage of information processing, is an important condition for individuals to accomplish various behaviors. According to the relevant literature, it can be inferred that belief in the just world may affect individual attention, but the researchers have not paid attention to it.This study focuses on filling this gap and explores the effects of implicit world beliefs on attention.The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of implicit justice world beliefs on attention, that is, to explore the characteristics of attention bias of individuals with different implicit justice world beliefs and the mechanism of attention bias.In the first study, the belief in the just world was studied from the implicit level. The implicit association test was used to measure the implicit world beliefs of individuals, and the sensitivity index and reliability of the test were calculated and analyzed.The results showed that the test had good sensitivity, good consistency reliability and retest reliability.The second study focuses on the attention characteristics of the individuals who believe in different fair world. On the basis of a study of the implicit world beliefs, the characteristics of attention bias of individuals with different beliefs in the world of implicit justice are discussed by using the point detection paradigm.After understanding the characteristics of individual attention bias in different implicit and fair world, the third study explores the mechanism of attention bias by using the clue target paradigm.From the study, we draw the following conclusion: 1) the IAT test for the belief in the just world can be used as a tool to measure the belief in the just world.It can be applied to the research. 2) the high implicit justice world belief individual produces the attention bias to the justice stimulus 3) the high implicit justice world belief individual produces the attention bias to the justice stimulus the reason is the attention vigilance to the justice stimulus.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842.3

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