高特质焦虑群体注意偏向矫正机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 16:09

本文选题：高特质焦虑 + 注意偏向矫正　；参考：《河北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着注意偏向研究的深入，学者们开始探讨焦虑个体发生注意偏向的原因机制。他们发现训练焦虑群体倾向关注非威胁刺激来减少注意偏向，反过来就减轻的焦虑。这个效应支持了此类假设：注意偏向是影响焦虑的维持的因素之一。那么我们就可以通过对个体进行注意偏向矫正的训练来降低其焦虑程度。对于注意偏向矫正，澄清里面涉及的机制是很重要的。依据注意控制模型，我们认为是由于注意控制能力受损或者其启动失败造成了焦虑个体对负性信息的注意偏向的发生。那么我们就可以通过改善个体的注意控制能力，降低其注意偏向的水平，进而则可以改善个体的焦虑程度。然而依据效价特异模型，我们认为个体发生注意偏向是由于效价评估系统引发的。同时大量的研究发现杏仁核涉及对负性信息的觉察机制。而DLPFC与注意控制能力、杏仁核存在一定的调节关系。因此，需要我们通过直接的实验操作来考察焦虑个体注意偏向矫正机制本质。采用Spielerger编制的特质焦虑问卷，测查了500名在校大学生，共筛选出60名学生（其中低特质焦虑个体20名，高特质焦虑个体40名）参与实验研究。通过3个实验研究来具体的探讨了焦虑个体注意偏向矫正机制本质。在研究一中，采用情绪Stroop范式考察了高低特质焦虑个体间注意偏向的特点以及注意控制抑制能力。在研究二中，采用修改后的点探测范式对高特质焦虑个体进行注意偏向矫正训练，，并采用情绪Stroop任务来检测注意控制抑制能力训练效果。在研究三中，采用情绪启动任务来探讨个体在注意控制抑制能力发生变化前后的效价评估系统。结果发现：（1）高特质焦虑个体与低特质焦虑个体注意偏向存在差异，同时也表明其注意控制抑制能力存在差异。（2）高特质焦虑个体注意偏向矫正训练后，其注意偏向水平降低，注意控制抑制能力得到了改善，这表明注意偏向矫正机制涉及到了注意控制能力参与。（3）高特质焦虑个体在经过注意偏向矫正训练后，注意控制能力得到改善后，在积极与消极启动状态下，其任务反应时缩短。这说明注意控制与效价评估间存在一定关系，同时也表明注意偏向矫正机制涉及了效价评估系统。以上研究表明，高特质焦虑个体注意偏向矫正机制涉及到了注意控制以及效价评估参与。
[Abstract]:With the further study of attention bias, scholars began to explore the causes of attention bias in individuals with anxiety.They found that training anxiety groups tended to focus on non-threat stimuli to reduce attention bias, which in turn alleviated anxiety.This effect supports the hypothesis that attention bias is one of the factors affecting the maintenance of anxiety.Then we can reduce the degree of anxiety by training individuals in attention bias correction.For attention bias correction, it is important to clarify the mechanisms involved.According to the attentional control model, we believe that attention bias of anxiety individuals to negative information is caused by impaired attentional control ability or failure to start up.Then we can improve the ability of individual attention control, reduce the level of attention bias, and then improve the degree of individual anxiety.However, according to the titer specific model, we believe that the individual attention bias is caused by the titer evaluation system.At the same time, a large number of studies have found that amygdala is involved in the detection mechanism of negative information.However, DLPFC is related to the ability of attention control and amygdala.Therefore, we need to examine the nature of attention bias correction mechanism through direct experimental operation.A total of 60 students (20 individuals with low trait anxiety and 40 individuals with high trait anxiety) were selected to participate in the experiment by using the trait anxiety questionnaire compiled by Spielerger.Through three experimental studies, the nature of attention bias correction mechanism of individual anxiety was discussed.In the first study, the characteristics of attention bias among individuals with high and low trait anxiety and the ability of attention-control inhibition were investigated by using emotional Stroop paradigm.In the second study, the modified point detection paradigm was used to train the individuals with high trait anxiety for attention bias correction, and the emotional Stroop task was used to detect the effect of attention control inhibition training.In the third study, the emotion priming task was used to explore the titer evaluation system of individuals before and after the change of attentional control inhibition ability.The ability of attentional control inhibition was improved, which indicated that the mechanism of attention bias correction involved attentional control ability.In the positive and negative startup state, the task response time is shortened.This indicates that there is a certain relationship between attentional control and titer evaluation, and it also shows that the mechanism of attention bias correction involves the titer evaluation system.The above studies indicate that the correction mechanism of attention bias in individuals with high trait anxiety involves attention control and the participation of titer evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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