妒忌与分享及其对分配决策的影响

发布时间：2018-04-14 08:53

本文选题：妒忌 + 情节性妒忌　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：妒忌(Envy)是一种因向上的社会比较而对占有优势的他人或群体产生的消极的情绪。近年来,妒忌的研究逐步由人格特质领域延伸到认知过程、职场环境、社交媒体、群际关系等领域。已有研究表明处于优势地位者因为害怕来自于处于劣势的他人的妒忌,会表现出更多的亲社会行为,同时,也有研究发现个体对处于优势地位的他人是否愿意同自己分享的预期会影响自身的妒忌水平。所以本研究想进一步探究妒忌对个体的分配意愿是否会产生影响,来自优势他人的分享姿态是否能够减轻处于劣势个体的妒忌水平。本研究采用回忆法诱发情绪并采用金钱分配决策范式,探究妒忌对个体在进行分配决策时的选择的影响,并进一步通过被试的分配决策结果探究分享的表达对妒忌是否具有减轻作用。实验一招募了86名本科生,将被试随机分配到妒忌组(45人)和控制组(41人),在用回忆法启动情绪之后,让他们完成金钱分配决策,统计三种决策条件下被试的决策结果。实验一结果发现在三种决策条件下,被试都更倾向于选择公平的选项,但是妒忌组和控制组被试在第二种条件下的决策表现出显著的差异(χ2=13.050,df=1,P0.001)。实验二让参加过实验一的本科生完成投射情境下的金钱分配决策,即替他人做决策。实验二结果显示,被试仍然更倾向于在三种决策条件下都选择公平的选项。但是妒忌组被试和控制组被试仍然在第二种决策条件下表现出显著差异(χ2=4.174,df=1,P0.05)。同时,妒忌组被试在第一种决策条件下表现出自我选择和投射选择情境下的差异(χ2=4.114,df=1,P0.05),控制组被试在第一种决策条件和第三种条件下都表现出自我选择和投射选择的差异(χ2=9.873,df=1,P0.05;χ2=11.546,df=1,P0.05)。实验三招募了48名本科生,将其随机分配到妒忌组和控制组各24人。两组被试先完成自我选择决策,再完成投射选择决策。与前面两个实验不同的是,本实验中,在诱发情绪之后,做出金钱分配决策之前向被试呈现一个分享线索情境。实验三结果显示在有分享线索呈现的情境下,妒忌组和控制组被试在三种决策条件下的选择都没有显著差异(χ2=0.223,df=1,P0.05;χ2=3.2,df=1,P0.05;χ2=1.505,df=1,P0.05);投射选择情境下妒忌组和控制组的选择也没有显著差异(χ2=1.118,df=1,P0.05;χ2=0.000,df=1,P0.05;χ2=0.118,df=1,P0.05)。经对实验结果的统计分析,得出以下结论:一、诱发妒忌情绪会促使被试在分配决策中减少利他决策,尤其是在自己利益不受损,他人利益增加并且超过自己的情境下。二、在投射情境下,妒忌组和控制组在替他人做分配决策时,仍然表现出相同的差异,即,妒忌情绪启动组在替他人做分配决策时,仍然会比控制组被试更少地做出自己利益不受损,他人利益增加并且超过自己的选择。三、提供妒忌对象愿意分享的线索使妒忌启动组和控制组被试在做出自己利益不受损,他人利益增加并且超过自己的选择时的差异减小。
[Abstract]:Envy (Envy) is a result of upward social comparison and take advantage of others or groups of negative emotions. In recent years, the study of jealousy gradually from the personality field extends to the cognitive process, workplace environment, social media, the field of intergroup relations. Previous studies show a dominant position because of fear comes from the disadvantage of the jealousy of others, will show more prosocial behavior, at the same time, it has also been found that others in the dominant position of the individual is willing to share with their expectations will affect their own jealousy levels. The purpose of this study is to explore whether the distribution of individual will envy further impact, whether from the advantage of others to share the attitude can reduce the disadvantage of individual level of jealousy. This study used recall method and the emotional money allocation paradigm, jealous of the individual in the inquiry Effect of allocation decisions when choosing, and further through the test results of the decision are allocated to explore whether can reduce the effect on the expression of jealousy share. Experiment one recruited 86 undergraduates, the subjects were randomly assigned to jealousy group (45 people) and control group (41 people), after the start of emotional memories and let them complete the money allocation decision, test statistics of three kinds of decision making under the decision results. The results found in the three decision conditions, subjects are more likely to choose equity options, but envy group and control group were tested in second conditions, the decision shows significant difference (x2 2=13.050, df=1, P0.001). In experiment two participated in the undergraduate experiment one complete decision making money allocation in the context of the projection, for others to make decisions. The experimental results show that the two, were still more likely to in the three decision under the condition of choosing a fair election A jealous. But subjects and control subjects showed significant differences still in second kinds of decision making conditions (x 2=4.174, df=1, P0.05). At the same time, jealousy subjects show differences of self selection and project selection in the context of decision making in the first condition (x 2=4.114, df=1, P0.05). The control group were tested in the first decision conditions and the third conditions have shown differences of self selection and selective projection (x 2=9.873, df=1 x 2=11.546, df=1, P0.05; P0.05). Experiment three recruited 48 undergraduates randomly assigned to jealousy group and control group two groups of 24 people each. Try to perform a self selection decision, and then complete the project selection decision. And in front of two experiments is different, in this experiment, in the emotional, presenting a clue to the subjects before sharing situations make money allocation decisions. Three experimental results show that in a shared context cues, There were no significant differences in jealousy group and control group were tested in the three decision under the condition of choice (x 2=0.223, df=1 x 2=3.2, df=1, P0.05; P0.05; X 2=1.505, df=1, P0.05); selective projection under the context of jealousy and control groups also had no significant difference (x 2=1.118, DF =1. P0.05; P0.05; X 2=0.000, df=1 x 2=0.118, df=1, P0.05). By statistical analysis of the experimental results, the following conclusions: first, induced by jealousy will encourage participants to reduce altruism decision in decision of allocation, especially not to damage the interests of others in their own interests, and increase more than their own situation two, in the context of projection, jealousy group and control group in making allocation decisions for others, still showed the same differences, namely, jealousy start doing group allocation decisions for others, will still make their own interests were less than the control group, and increased more than the interests of others One's own choice. Three, provide jealousy objects willing to share clues, so that the jealousy start group and control group subjects do not lose their interests, increase the interests of others and surpass their own choices when the difference is reduced.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

【参考文献】