重复启动与语义相关启动加工方式的不一致性—来自注意瞬脱的证据

发布时间：2018-04-17 19:00

本文选题：注意瞬脱 + 重复启动　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：对刺激的加工可以发生在知觉层面也可以发生在语义层面,然而在重复启动与语义相关启动中对刺激的加工方式由于启动范式的影响,对刺激的加工形成了与启动范式相结合的特殊的加工方式。综合以往关于重复启动与语义相关启动效应加工方式的研究,究竟是前者仅存在知觉加工后者仅为语义加工,还是两种层面的加工在两种启动方式中并存,尚无定论。同时,在比较二者加工方式的研究中,如何有效地分离重复启动效应在知觉和语义层面的加工,以及这两种层面的加工与语义相关启动加工方式的关系,是重复启动效应与语义相关启动效应加工方式研究的关键也是难点。本研究采用注意瞬脱与启动效应相结合的范式,在快速呈现的词汇干扰物中插入三个带颜色的目标词汇(T1,T2,T3),T1与T2,T3不存在任何关系,T2与T3的关系为启动效应中的启动刺激-目标刺激关系,在刺激呈现结束后要求被试对刚刚呈现的带颜色的目标刺激进行选择。在控制启动刺激、目标刺激加工难度相同的条件下,以三个实验设计来考察重复启动与语义相关启动中对刺激的加工方式是否一致以及在哪些方面存在差异的特点。实验一中T2-T3(即启动效应中的启动刺激-目标刺激)之间的关系为重复(如decide-decide)、语义相关(如water-stream)、字形相似语义相关(如illness-ill)、无关(如clean-dream)四种关系的启动-目标词对。由于根据词汇加工一致性理论,认为对词汇的加工既有字形方面的加工又存在语义方面的加工,因此以字形相似语义相关目标刺激的反应时(既有知觉加工又有语义加工)为参照标准,比较其与重复启动以及语义相关启动的目标反应时是否存在差异,以此考察重复启动与语义相关启动条件下对目标的加工是否一致,即都存在知觉层面加工与语义层面加工,或者是有其独特的加工方式。由于实验一所得的结果并不能很充分的证明重复启动与语义相关启动的的加工方式的关系,实验二对实验一进一步完善,在快速呈现的词汇干扰物中插入两个带颜色的目标刺激(T1,T2),刺激序列呈现之后间隔一段时间再呈现第三个目标(T3),T2与T3之间的关系为启动效应中的启动刺激-目标刺激关系,以此消除掩蔽刺激对启动效应中的目标刺激(T3)的干扰作用,使重复启动效应量与语义相关启动效应量的关系更加清晰,实验一中的启动效应更加显著。实验三则根据实验一与实验二的结果,选择实验一范式中阈限之上的部分为实验三范式,以Elizabeth,Simona(2003)的重复启动效应分离理论为依据,即重复启动效应可以分为知觉方面的加工与语义方面的加工,采用成对的知觉重复(如两张相同的物体轮廓虚线图)和语义重复(如两张同一物品不同形态图片)两种启动刺激-目标刺激关系的的图片,成功地将重复启动效应分离为单纯的知觉重复启动效应和语义重复启动效应,将这两种条件下的目标刺激反应时与语义相关(如萝卜-兔子图片)启动下的目标反应时进行比较,从而确定语义相关启动效应的加工成分。结果显示,在实验一与实验二中,被试在反应时上都出现了明显的启动效应,语义相关条件下的目标反应时最短,对重复条件下的目标和字形相似语义相关条件下的目标反应时无差异。在实验三中,被试在语义相关条件下与语义重复启动效应下的目标反应时相似,且均显著大于知觉重复下的目标反应时。研究结果表明了重复启动与语义相关启动的加工方式不同,重复启动包含有语义相关启动的成分,重复启动的加工方式可以分为知觉加工与语义加工两个层面,而语义相关启动的加工方式主要为语义加工。研究结果在一定程度上扩展了论述重复启动与语义相关启动加工方式的理论,即认为重复启动与语义相关启动的加工方式是一致的,为形态加工和语义加工；或认为重复启动为简单的形态加工,语义相关启动与语义方面的加工
[Abstract]:To the stimulation processing can occur in perception can also occur at the semantic level, but in the repetition priming and semantic priming related processing methods on stimulation due to the effect of priming paradigm, the formation of special processing methods combined with the priming paradigm to the stimulation processing. The comprehensive effect on repetition priming and semantic priming process research on the way, what is the only existing perceptual processing which is only semantic processing, or processing of two levels in two starting modes coexist, inconclusive. At the same time, the study compares the two processing methods, how to effectively separate the repetition priming effect in the processing of perceptual and semantic level, and the relationship between processing the two level and semantic correlation start processing method, is the key of repetition priming effect and semantic priming related processing methods is difficult.
This study used the attentional blink and the priming effect of the combination of paradigm, insert three with the color of the target words in the vocabulary presented in disruptors (T1, T2, T3), T1 and T2, T3 does not have any relationship, the relationship between T2 and T3 for the priming effect in the priming stimulus - target stimuli, after the present subjects were asked to just show with the color of the target stimulus selection of stimuli. In control primes, target stimuli processing difficulty under the same conditions, with three experiments designed to investigate repetition priming and semantic priming in related processing on the stimulus is consistent and different characteristics in what aspects. In a T2-T3 experiment (i.e. priming primes target stimuli) the relationship between repeat (such as decide-decide), semantic (such as water-stream), morphologically similar semantically related (such as illness-ill), independent (such as clean-dream) Four types of relationships between the start of the target word. Due to the consistency of the theory of lexical processing, processing of vocabulary has both character and processing aspects of the existing semantic processing, thus to shape similar semantic related target stimulus response (both perceptual processing and semantic processing) as the reference standard, the whether the repetition priming and semantic priming when the target response related differences, so as to investigate the repetition priming and semantic priming conditions of processing targets are the same, there is a perceptual processing and semantic processing, or has its unique processing methods. Because of the experiment results do not prove it full of repetition priming and semantic priming related processing methods, in experiment two, experiment a further improvement, insert two with the color of the target in the rapid disruptors in vocabulary Stimulation (T1, T2), sequence of stimuli presentation after the interval and then presents third goals (T3), the relationship between T2 and T3 for the priming effect in the priming stimulus - target stimuli, thereby eliminating masking stimulation on the priming effect in the target (T3) interference in the relationship between repeat the amount of priming effect and semantic priming effect was more clear, the priming effect in experiment is more significant. In experiment three, according to the results of the two experiments, choose the threshold on the part of the experimental paradigm as experiment three paradigm, with Elizabeth, Simona (2003) on the basis of the repetition priming effect of separation theory. The repetition priming effect can be divided into semantic processing and perceptual aspects, using paired perceptual repetition (such as two copies of the same object contour and dotted line) semantic repetition (such as two pieces of the same goods of different forms of picture) two start The relationship between the stimulus target stimulus picture, successfully separated into simple repetition priming effect of perceptual repetition priming effect and semantic repetition priming effect, the two conditions of the target stimuli, and semantically related (such as radish - Rabbit pictures) were compared under the target reaction starting, so as to determine the composition of semantic processing related to the priming effect. The results showed that in Experiment 1 and 2, the subjects in the reaction time there are significant priming effect, the target response semantically related under the condition of the shortest, similar reaction conditions for the target semantic and word repetition shape under the condition of no difference in Experiment 3. The subjects, similar in semantic conditions and semantic repetition priming effect of the target response, and target response were significantly greater than the perceptual repetition.
The results show that the processing methods and semantic repetition priming start, repetition priming contains semantic startup components, processing methods of repetition priming can be divided into two levels of perceptual processing and semantic processing, and semantic processing is mainly related to start semantic processing. The results extend the discussion of repetition priming and semantic relevance start processing theory to a certain extent, that the processing methods of repetition priming and semantic priming is consistent, morphological processing and semantic processing; or that the form of repetition priming of simple processing, semantic processing and semantic aspects related to start

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

【参考文献】