生物运动的工作记忆加工机制

发布时间：2018-04-18 08:50

本文选题：生物运动 + 交互性生物运动　；参考：《浙江大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：生物运动是指人或者动物在空间上整体移动,并具有时间连续性的动作。无论是个体生物运动还是交互性生物运动在日常生活中大量存在,加工这类信息对作为社会性动物的人类特别重要,如借助生物运动信息正确模仿他人动作、推测他人意图等。有效无缝地完成此类信息的加工不仅需要视知觉的参与,而且还需要将该信息存入工作记忆,以进行进一步的认知加工,从而使复杂的社会交互得以顺利完成。以往有关工作记忆的大量研究主要探讨了以空间、言语、客体和运动信息为对象的加工机制,仅有数项研究涉及了生物运动的工作记忆容量及存储机制,且在研究方法上尚存在明显缺陷,更未见涉及交互生物运动的研究。本研究以单个个体的生物运动和交互客体的生物运动为对象,通过四个部分(十个实验)系统探讨了生物运动在工作记忆中的加工机制。第一部分采用记忆项同时呈现的变化觉察范式,以光点动画生成的生物运动作为实验材料,对生物运动的工作记忆容量进行了精确测定(实验1)。第二部分采用生物运动与其他类型刺激如颜色(实验2)、空间位置(实验3a、实验3b)、形状(实验4a、实验4b)、一般物理运动(实验5)同时呈现的方式,探讨生物运动在工作记忆中是否具有独立的存储空间。第三部分采用变化觉察范式,以交互性光点动画为实验材料,考察了交互性生物运动在工作记忆中的表征方式(实验6、实验7)。第四部分对交互对象分别采用同时呈现方式(实验8)和序列呈现方式(实验9),通过比较交互性生物运动与非交互性生物运动两种类型,考察了交互信息对生物运动工作记忆保持的影响,同时探讨了其在身份信息保持中的作用(实验10a、实验10b)。本研究得到以下主要结论：(1)在工作记忆中最多能存储3-4个生物运动信息；(2)生物运动信息在工作记忆中独立于颜色、空间位置和形状加以存储,但与一般运动信息共享同一存储空间；(3)交互性生物运动信息以整合单元的方式存储于工作记忆中；(4)与非交互性生物运动信息比较,交互性生物运动信息在工作记忆中更具存储优势。
[Abstract]:Biological movement refers to the movement of human beings or animals in space as a whole and with time continuity.Whether individual or interactive biological movement exists in daily life, processing this kind of information is particularly important for human being as a social animal, such as imitating other people's actions correctly and speculating on other people's intentions with the help of biological movement information.The effective and seamless processing of this kind of information requires not only the participation of visual perception, but also the storage of the information into working memory for further cognitive processing, so that the complicated social interaction can be successfully completed.Previous researches on working memory have mainly discussed the processing mechanism of space, speech, object and motion information. Only a few studies have dealt with the working memory capacity and storage mechanism of biological movement.And there are still obvious defects in the research methods, not to mention the research involving interactive biological movement.In this study, we studied the processing mechanism of biological movement in working memory through four parts (ten experiments), taking the biological movement of individual and the biological movement of interactive object as the object.In the first part, the working memory capacity of biological motion was measured accurately by using the change perception paradigm of memory item and the biological motion generated by the light spot animation as the experimental material (experiment 1).The second part uses biological movement and other types of stimuli such as color (experiment 2), spatial position (experiment 3 a, experiment 3 b), shape (experiment 4 a, experiment 4 b), general physical movement (experiment 5) at the same time.To explore whether biological movement has independent storage space in working memory.In the third part, using the paradigm of change awareness and interactive spot animation as the experimental material, we investigate the representation of interactive biological movement in working memory (experiment 6, experiment 7).In the fourth part, the interactive objects are presented simultaneously (experiment 8) and sequentially (experiment 9). By comparing the two types of interactive biological movement and non-interactive biological movement,The effects of interactive information on the preservation of working memory of biological movement were investigated, and the role of interactive information in the preservation of identity information (experiment 10a, experiment 10bg) was discussed.The main conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) up to 3-4 biological motion information can be stored in working memory. Biological motion information is stored in working memory independently of color, spatial position and shape.But sharing the same storage space with general motion information.) Interactive biological motion information is stored in working memory in an integrated unit. (4) compared with non-interactive biological motion information.Interactive biological movement information has more advantages in working memory.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842.3

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