团体心理干预对社区老年人心理健康和幸福感的影响

发布时间：2018-04-30 16:12

本文选题：社区 + 老年人　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究背景：人口老龄化是全球面临的严重危机和挑战。按照老龄化社会的国际标准,中国已经步入老龄化国家的行列,预计2050年我国老年人口总数将超过4亿,老龄人口比例将达到30%以上。老年群体的心理健康逐渐引起了全社会的广泛关注。研究目的：探讨基于积极心理学理论的团体心理干预对社区老年人心理健康和幸福感的促进作用。研究方法：以症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist90, SCL-90)、总体幸福感量表(General Well-Being Schedule, GWB)、社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rating Scale, SSRS)和简易应对方式问卷(Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, SCSQ),对城市社区符合条件的76名老年人进行心理健康及相关因素评估,通过相关分析和多元回归分析,探讨影响心理健康和幸福感的因素。将被试者随机分为对照组和干预组,各38人,干预组进行为期6周,每周1次,每次约60分钟的团体心理干预,对照组不干预。干预后以相同的量表进行复测,评价干预效果。比较干预组和对照组心理健康水平、总体幸福感、社会支持、应对方式的差异。研究结果：1、相关分析显示,客观支持、主观支持和对支持的利用度与症状自评得分呈负相关,消极应对方式与症状自评得分呈正相关；客观支持、主观支持和对支持的利用度与总体幸福感得分呈显著正相关,消极应对方式与总体幸福感中对健康的担心和对情感和行为的控制因子得分呈负相关。回归分析显示,消极应对方式对心理健康有预测作用,主观支持对总体幸福感有预测作用。2、干预前,干预组和对照组各量表得分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预后,干预组SCL-90总分及各因子(除恐怖因子外)得分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；总体幸福感总分及各因子得分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；社会支持总分、客观观支持和主观支持得分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)；积极应对得分显著高于对照组,消极应对得分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01；P0.01)。干预组自身比较,干预后,症状自评量表总分及各因子(除恐怖因子外)得分显著低于干预前水平,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；总体幸福感量表总分及各因子(除精力因子外)得分显著高于干预前水平,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；社会支持评定量表结果显示,社会支持总分、客观支持和主观支持得分显著高于干预前水平,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；积极应对得分显著高于干预前水平,消极应对得分显著低于干预前水平,差异有统计学意义(P0.01；P0.01)。对照组干预前后各量表得分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论：1、社区老年人的心理健康水平与应对方式密切相关,总体幸福感与社会支持密切相关,其中以消极应对和主观支持的相关性更为显著。2、积极心理干预能显著改善社区老年人的情绪问题,促进心理健康和幸福感水平的提升。
[Abstract]:Background: population ageing is a serious global crisis and challenge. According to the international standards of the aging society, China has already stepped into the ranks of the aging countries. It is estimated that the total number of the elderly population will exceed 400 million in 2050, and the proportion of the aged population will reach more than 30 percent. The mental health of the elderly group has gradually aroused the widespread concern of the whole society. Objective: to explore the effects of group psychological intervention based on positive psychology theory on the mental health and well-being of the elderly in community. Methods: with symptom Checklist90 (SCL-90), General Well-Being inventory, GWBX, Social support rating scale (Social Support Rating Scale, SSRS) and simple coping style questionnaire (simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, SCSQP), 76 elderly people in urban communities who met the requirements were investigated by using the symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), the General Well-Being inventory (GWBX), the Social support rating scale (Social Support Rating Scale, SSRS) and the simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, questionnaire (simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, SCSQP). Assessment of mental health and related factors, The factors influencing mental health and well-being were discussed by correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The subjects were randomly divided into the control group and the intervention group, each with 38 persons. The intervention group received group psychological intervention for 6 weeks once a week for about 60 minutes, while the control group did not intervene. After intervention, the same scale was used to evaluate the effect of intervention. The differences of mental health, general well-being, social support and coping style between intervention group and control group were compared. Results: 1, correlation analysis showed that objective support, subjective support and utilization of support were negatively correlated with symptom self-assessment scores, and negative coping styles were positively correlated with symptom self-assessment scores. Subjective support and utilization of support were positively correlated with overall well-being scores, negative coping styles were negatively correlated with health concerns in overall well-being and control factors of emotion and behavior. Regression analysis showed that negative coping style had predictive effect on mental health, subjective support had predictive effect on overall well-being. Before intervention, there was no significant difference between intervention group and control group (P 0.05). After intervention, the total score of SCL-90 and each factor (except phobic factor) in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05), the total score of total well-being and the score of each factor in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The scores of total score of social support, objective view support and subjective support were significantly higher than those of the control group (P 0.01), the score of positive coping was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the score of negative coping was significantly lower than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.01). After intervention, the total score of SCL-90 and the scores of each factor (except phobic factor) were significantly lower than those before intervention. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.05), the total score of total well-being scale and each factor (except energy factor) was significantly higher than that before intervention, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05), the results of social support rating scale showed that the total score of social support was higher than that of before intervention. The scores of objective support and subjective support were significantly higher than those before intervention, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05), the score of positive coping was significantly higher than that of pre-intervention, the score of negative coping was significantly lower than that of pre-intervention, and the difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the scores of each scale before and after intervention in the control group (P 0.05). Conclusion: 1. The mental health level of the elderly in the community is closely related to the coping style, and the overall well-being is closely related to social support. Among them, the correlation between negative coping and subjective support is more significant. The positive psychological intervention can significantly improve the emotional problems of the elderly in the community, and promote the level of mental health and well-being.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.4

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