注意捕获对SNARC效应的影响

发布时间：2018-05-02 18:27

本文选题：SNARC效应 + 注意捕获效应　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：数字-空间联合编码效应(Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes effect, SNARC effect)自1993年提出后,就一直是研究者关注的热点。从最初的阿拉伯数字在水平方向的空间联合,不断拓展到各语言系统不同的数字符号、字母、月份,甚至乐音音高、时间与空间的联合。且从最初的水平方向不断拓展到竖直方向,甚至深度空间维度。目前而言,水平与竖直方向发的SNARC效应都取得了丰富的研究成果。与此同时,研究者对数字空间偏向性的成因也做出了探索。心理数字线、文化阅读习惯、计算模型、生理机制,以及近年来兴起的具身认知心理学的角度尝试对数字与空间的连结做出解释。在SNARC研究早期,就有研究者对数字空间偏向性和注意之间的关系产生了兴趣。并发现,当不要求被试对数字进行深度加工时,发现被试的注意资源在空间上分配同样受到了数字的影响,其方向与SNARC效应一致。并称之为注意的SNARC效应(Attentional SNARC effect)。后有研究者通过注意的SNARC范式也对数字的空间偏向性进行探索。我国也有研究者通过实验发现不同提示线索下内、外源注意对SNARC效应产生影响。同时近期有研究发现,除了需注意的目标数字本身,其周围存在的数字也会对目标数字的空间认知产生影响。因此,本研究拟在上述研究的基础上进一步深入考察注意现象以及周围数字对目标数字空间偏向性的影响作用。本文共包括四个混合设计的实验。四实验采用不同的周围刺激进行考察,周围刺激对目标数字的干扰性逐渐加深。实验一中,考察周围刺激与目标数字为不同符号系统时,注意捕获现象以及实验范式中的额外奇异刺激对目标数字空间认知可能产生的干扰。将奇异刺激类型作为被试间变量进行考察。首先考察当额外奇异刺激与目标数字为不同符号系统时对其产生的影响,其次考察不具有空间偏向性的数字作为额外的奇异刺激对目标数字的干扰,最后考察具有空间偏向性的数字作为额外奇异刺激对目标数字的干扰。不同奇异刺激对目标数字的干扰随着奇异刺激的变化而不断增大。实验二中将周围刺激替换为无空间偏向性的阿拉伯数字,同样考察上述三类额外奇异刺激对目标数字空间认知的影响。实验二中周围刺激与目标数字属于同一符号系统,增加了被试对需要做出反应的目标数字搜索任务的难度,进一步加大了周围刺激对反应目标的干扰效应。实验三与实验四考察具有空间偏向性的周围刺激与额外的奇异刺激对目标数字的干扰。实验三和实验四的周围刺激分别具有左侧或右侧空间偏向性,与目标数字的空间对应关系产生交互影响,增加了注意捕获效应对目标数字空间认知的干扰。研究结论如下： (1)周围刺激与奇异刺激均无空间偏向性时,可以观察到数字的SNARC效应； (2)奇异刺激的空间偏向性能够对目标数字的空间偏向性产生影响,甚至可以反转与其相左的数字空间偏向； (3)周围刺激空间偏向性同样可以干扰目标数字的SNARC效应； (4)实验中均可观察到注意捕获现象,表明额外的奇异刺激范式能够有效考察注意捕获现象对SNARC效应的影响。
[Abstract]:The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes effect, SNARC effect (SNARC effect) has been the focus of attention since 1993. From the initial level of the Arabia number in the horizontal space, the number of symbols, letters, months, or even sound sounds of different languages were extended. The combination of height, time and space. And from the original horizontal direction to the vertical direction, even the depth space dimension. At present, the SNARC effect in the horizontal and vertical direction has made a lot of research results. At the same time, researchers have also explored the cause of the bias of digital space. Psychological digital lines, cultural reading habits. Accustomed to computational models, physiological mechanisms, and the rise of cognitive psychology in recent years, attempts have been made to explain the connection between numbers and space.
At the early stage of the SNARC study, researchers were interested in the relationship between digital spatial bias and attention. It was found that when the subjects were not required to process the number, it was found that the distribution of attention resources in the space was also influenced by the number, which was in the same direction as the SNARC effect. It was called the SNARC effect of attention (A Ttentional SNARC effect). Then some researchers have explored the spatial bias of numbers through the SNARC paradigm that has been paid attention to. In our country, some researchers also found that external attention has an impact on the SNARC effect in different hints. A word can also affect the spatial cognition of the target numbers. Therefore, this study is intended to further investigate the effect of attention phenomenon and the influence of the surrounding numbers on the orientation of the target digital space on the basis of the above research.
This paper includes four experiments of mixed design. Four experiments are conducted with different peripheral stimuli, and the interference of the surrounding stimuli to the target numbers is gradually deepened. In experiment one, the attention capture phenomenon and the extra singular stimulation in the experimental model are used to identify the target numbers in the experimental model. The effects of the singular stimulus type as the subject variables are investigated. First, the effects of the extra singular stimulus and the target number on the different symbol systems are investigated. Secondly, the interference of the number that does not have the spatial bias is investigated as an extra singular stimulus to the target number, and the final inspection has the spatial bias. The interference of the directed number as an extra singular stimulus to the target number. The interference of the different singular stimuli to the target number increases with the change of the singular stimulus. In Experiment 2, the surrounding stimulus is replaced by a spatial bias free Arabia number, and the image of the above three kinds of extra singular stimuli is also examined for the image of the target digital space. The peripheral stimulus and the target number belong to the same symbol system, which increases the difficulty of the target digital search task that needs to be reacted to, and further increases the interference effect of the surrounding stimuli on the response target. Experiment three and Experiment four examine the surrounding stimuli with spatial bias and extra singular stimulation to the target. The interference of the peripheral stimuli in experiment three and Experiment four, respectively, has spatial bias on the left or right side, which has an interactive effect on the spatial correspondence of the target numbers, and increases the interference of the attention capture effect to the target digital spatial cognition.
The conclusions are as follows:
(1) the SNARC effect can be observed when there is no spatial bias between peripheral stimulus and singular stimulus.
(2) the spatial bias of singular stimulus can affect the spatial bias of target number, and even reverse the deviation of its digital space.
(3) the spatial bias of peripheral stimuli can also interfere with the SNARC effect of target numbers.
(4) the attentional capture phenomenon can be observed in the experiment. It shows that the additional singular stimulus paradigm can effectively examine the effect of attentional capture on the SNARC effect.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】