记忆任务和词频对定向遗忘的影响：ERP证据

发布时间：2018-05-12 17:05

本文选题：定向遗忘 + 主动抑制　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：实验室研究中经常使用定向遗忘范式探究记忆控制,即有意记住和有意遗忘。采用定向遗忘项目法的研究发现,跟随“记住”(R)指示的学习项目,即TBR项目,比跟随“遗忘”(F)指示的学习项目,即TBF项目,有更优的记忆表现,此为定向遗忘效应。该效应涉及两个机制:对TBR项目进行选择性复述和对TBF项目进行主动抑制。根据双重加工模型理论,再认涉及熟悉性和回忆。前人的研究表明,提取TBF项目主要基于熟悉性,提取TBR项目主要基于熟悉性和回忆。前人对定向遗忘机制的探索存在不足。第一,熟悉性和回忆的研究主要集中在项目再认任务,尚未关注来源记忆任务中的相关神经机制;第二,没有从词频的角度出发,关注项目的性质如何影响定向遗忘的编码阶段和提取阶段。本研究欲以熟悉性和回忆为主要切入点,引入记忆任务和词频,通过观察这两个变量对定向遗忘的调节模式,推测定向遗忘的机制,从而推进对有意遗忘的探究。基于上述目的,本研究拟采用两个实验,分别对应项目再认和来源记忆任务,采用高频词和低频词作为实验刺激,借助事件相关电位技术(ERP)展开研究。两个实验除了测试阶段的判断任务不同,其他条件一致。实验1采用项目再认任务,要求被试对测试项目进行新/旧判断;实验2采用来源记忆任务,要求被试对测试项目进行TBF/TBR/新的判断。实验1和实验2的结果显示,第一,采用来源记忆任务时,低频的TBF和TBR项目诱发的LPC幅度相当,表明两类项目激活的回忆加工程度相当。第二,低频的TBF项目能诱发显著的FN400和LPC,对应熟悉性和回忆过程。第三,在项目再认中抑制高频词,在来源记忆中抑制低频词,均激活主动抑制过程,表现为探测到相对R指示,F指示诱发更强的额区正波。本研究获得以下结论:(1)来源记忆任务倚重回忆,促进提取TBF项目的回忆过程。(2)低频词具有相对熟悉性和回忆优势,促进提取TBF项目的熟悉性和回忆过程。(3)记忆任务和词频交互影响主动抑制。当记忆任务的提取特性和词频的编码特性一致时,增强对TBF项目的主动抑制。
[Abstract]:In laboratory studies, the directed forgetting paradigm is often used to explore memory control, that is, intentional memory and intentional forgetting. By using the method of directed forgetting items, it is found that the learning items following "remembering" or "remembering" indicate, that is, TBR items, have better memory performance than those following "forgetting" or "forgetting" indicators, that is, TBF items, which is the directed forgetting effect. This effect involves two mechanisms: selective retelling of TBR projects and active suppression of TBF projects. According to the dual processing model theory, recognition involves familiarity and recall. Previous studies show that TBF extraction projects are mainly based on familiarity, while TBR items are mainly based on familiarity and recall. There are some deficiencies in the exploration of the directed forgetting mechanism. First, the study of familiarity and recall is mainly focused on the task of project recognition, and no attention has been paid to the related neural mechanism in the task of source memory. Second, the study has not started from the perspective of word frequency. Focus on how the nature of the project affects the coding and extraction phases of directed forgetting. In this study, familiarity and recall are the main entry points, memory task and word frequency are introduced, and the mechanism of directional forgetting is inferred by observing the two variables' regulation mode of directional forgetting, thus advancing the exploration of intentional forgetting. For the above purpose, two experiments were carried out in this study, corresponding to the task of item recognition and source memory, using high-frequency words and low-frequency words as experimental stimuli, and using event-related potential technique (ERP) to carry out the research. In addition to the different judgment tasks in the test phase, the two experiments have the same other conditions. In experiment 1, the task of project recognition was adopted, and the subjects were asked to make new / old judgments on the test items, while in experiment 2, the task of source memory was used, and the subjects were asked to make a new TBF/TBR/ judgment on the test items. The results of experiments 1 and 2 show that, first, the LPC amplitude induced by low-frequency TBF and TBR items is the same when the task of source memory is used, indicating that the recall processing of the two types of items is similar. Second, low frequency TBF projects can induce significant FN400 and LPCs, corresponding to familiarity and recall processes. Thirdly, the suppression of high-frequency words in item recognition and the suppression of low-frequency words in source memory all activate the active inhibition process, which is shown by the detection of a stronger frontal positive wave induced by R / F indication. In this study, we obtained the following conclusions: 1) the task of source memory depends on memory, which promotes the recall process of TBF project. The low frequency words have relative familiarity and recall advantages. Promote the active inhibition of familiarity and recall process of extracting TBF items by memory task and word frequency interaction. When the extraction characteristic of memory task is consistent with the coding characteristic of word frequency, the active suppression of TBF item is enhanced.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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