共情:遗传-环境-内分泌-大脑机制

发布时间：2018-05-20 19:26

本文选题：共情 + 情感共情　；参考：《科学通报》2017年32期

【摘要】：共情是指感知到他人的情感状态,使得自己产生与之类似的情绪或感受的能力,它包含情感共情和认知共情两种成分.本文结合健康被试和脑损伤患者的神经影像学研究,概述了共情两种成分的认知神经基础:情感共情涉及的特异性脑区主要有额下回(IFG)、脑岛和前扣带回(ACC),认知共情的特异性脑区主要有腹内侧前额叶皮层(vm PFC).然后,从内分泌、遗传和环境几个方面,详细讨论了影响共情能力及其行为的复杂因素.对共情的内分泌研究发现,催产素能够促进个体的共情反应,而睾丸素则会弱化个体的共情反应,且产前睾丸素可能会影响个体共情能力的发育;对共情的社会环境和遗传学研究发现,家庭成员的特质、父母教养方式、学校教育和人际关系等环境因素与催产素受体、多巴胺受体、五羟色胺转运蛋白(5-HTTLPR)和锌指蛋白(ZNF804A)等基因的多态性都会影响共情反应和共情能力的发展.在现有研究的基础上,本文提出了共情的遗传-环境-内分泌-大脑理论框架,揭示了影响共情的各个因素间的相互作用.最后,指出了当前共情研究中所存在的问题和局限,未来有必要在大样本研究的基础上开展纵向研究,综合考量多个因素(遗传、环境、内分泌和大脑)及其交互作用对共情的影响,揭示共情能力提升的关键因素;并在此基础上促进基础共情研究成果向社会生活和临床实践转化,有效地改善个体的共情能力及其行为,从而促进社会和谐与进步,真正意义上实现"老吾老,以及人之老;幼吾幼,以及人之幼".
[Abstract]:Empathy refers to the perception of the emotional state of another person and its ability to produce similar emotions or feelings. It includes two components: emotional empathy and cognitive empathy. This article summarizes the cognitive neural basis of the two components of empathy: the specific brain involved in emotional empathy, in combination with the neuroimaging studies of the healthy subjects and the brain injury patients. The main areas are the lower frontal gyrus (IFG), the insula and the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC). The specific brain areas of the cognitive empathy are mainly the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VM PFC). Then, the complex factors affecting the empathy and its behavior are discussed in detail in several aspects of the endocrine, genetic and environmental aspects. The empathy endocrinology study found that oxytocin can promote the individual. In an empathy response, testosterone weakens the individual's empathy, and testosterone may affect the development of individual empathy; the empathy and genetic research of the empathy, family members, parental rearing, school education and interpersonal relationships and oxytocin receptor, dopamine receptor, and five serotonin The polymorphism of the transporter protein (5-HTTLPR) and zinc finger protein (ZNF804A) genes all affect the development of empathy and empathy. On the basis of the existing research, this paper proposes an empathic environmental endocrine brain theoretical framework, which reveals the interaction between the factors affecting the empathy. Finally, it points out the current empathy research. In the future, it is necessary to carry out longitudinal studies on the basis of large sample studies, to consider the effects of multiple factors (heredity, environment, endocrine and brain) and their interaction on empathy, and to reveal the key factors for improving empathy; and on this basis, promote the results of basic empathy to social life and The transformation of clinical practice can effectively improve the empathy and behavior of the individual, thus promote social harmony and progress, and truly realize "old and old, as well as old people, young and young, and human young".
【作者单位】：西南大学心理学部认知与人格教育部重点实验室;中国科学院心理健康重点实验室(中国科学院心理研究所);中国科学院大学心理学系;深圳大学心理与社会学院脑功能与心理科学研究中心;第四军医大学唐都医院疼痛生物医学研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31471082,3167114) 重庆市基础与前沿研究计划(cstc2015jcyj BX0050) 中国科学院心理研究所科研启动项目(Y6CX021008);中国科学院心理研究所青年人才科研启动经费(Y6CX281007)资助
【分类号】：B845

【相似文献】