来源记忆中情绪效应的ERP研究—特质焦虑和呈现时间的调节作用

发布时间：2018-05-22 16:00

本文选题：特质焦虑 + 来源记忆　；参考：《首都师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文通过两个实验,运用ERP技术和来源记忆的多键范式,来探索焦虑人群对于负性刺激的注意偏向和记忆偏向。实验1,我们探索对于高特质焦虑人群的记忆偏向更倾向于发生在内隐记忆(熟悉性)还是外显记忆(回想)。当前的研究用ERP技术和来源记忆的多键范式,探索16名高特质焦虑被试(mean trait anxiety score59.06±3.88)在不同的情绪效价背景上的行为与脑机制。结果发现,在检索阶段,在刺激呈现之后的300-500ms后,不管来源检索是否成功,学过的项目比未学过的项目要更正。刺激呈现后500-700ms内,在所有的背景中都存在成功的来源检索所指示的新旧效应；对于不成功的来源检索,在快乐和中性背景中,没有显著的新旧效应,然而在恐惧背景中发现了显著的新旧效应。在700-1200ms内,在快乐和中性背景条件下,对于成功的来源检索,存在显著的新旧效应。然而,在恐惧背景条件下,新旧效应发生了反转,负性背景下成功的来源检索的波形波幅要比正确拒绝的波形波幅更负。更进一步的,在这个时间段,存在来源正确条件下的情绪效应,进一步的分析表明,恐惧来源正确的波幅要比中性来源正确的波幅更负。结果表明,在高焦虑个体中,早期对恐惧刺激的内隐来源检索(来源的熟悉性)增强了,但是对恐惧刺激外显的来源检索(来源的回想)被减弱了。在实验2中,我们主要探索高低焦虑人群在来源记忆编码阶段和提取阶段的负性偏向,以及情绪和呈现时间的影响。通过高、低焦虑被试各15名,共30名被试,我们探索在不同的情绪效价背景上的行为与脑机制。结果发现,在编码阶段,恐惧背景下来源正确条件下的DM效应,比中性背景下的时程更长,同时在300～1600ms,恐惧背景下来源正确的波形波幅要比中性背景下的更正。在刺激呈现后300-700ms,或者在来源正确条件下,呈现时间短的波形波幅要比呈现时间长的更正。在提取阶段,来源正确条件下的新旧效应,恐惧背景下比中性背景下的时程更长,并表现在300-700ms的情绪效应,恐惧背景下来源正确的波形波幅要比中性背景下的更正。在来源正确条件下,在300-1600ms,还发现呈现时间和焦虑的交互作用；进一步比较发现,对于高焦虑被试,在顶区和中央顶区都发现,呈现时间短的波形波幅要比呈现时间长的更正。总体说,实验2发现了人群在来源记忆中编码阶段的DM效应和和提取阶段的新旧效应,并发现了其中存在的情绪效应、呈现时间效应以及特质焦虑和呈现时间的交互作用。实验1,高焦虑个体对恐惧来源的回想小于中性背景,而实验2中,高低焦虑个体对恐惧来源的回想要大于中性背景；说明实验结果受被试的焦虑水平、任务难度以及实验设置的共同影响。
[Abstract]:In this study, two experiments were conducted to explore the attentional bias and memory bias of negative stimuli in ERP.
In Experiment 1, we explored the memory bias of people with high trait anxiety more prone to implicit memory (familiarity) or explicit memory (recall). The current study uses the multi key paradigm of ERP technology and source memory to explore the role of 16 high trait anxiety subjects (mean trait anxiety score59.06 + 3.88) in different emotional titers For the brain mechanism, it was found that in the retrieval phase, after the 300-500ms after the stimulus was presented, no matter whether the source retrieval was successful or not, the project had been better than the unlearned item. In the 500-700ms, the new and old effects of the successful source retrieval were found in all the backgrounds; There is no significant new and old effects in the happy and neutral background, but a significant new and old effect has been found in the background of fear. In 700-1200ms, there is a significant new and old effect on the retrieval of successful sources under the condition of happy and neutral background. However, under the background of fear, the new and old effects have reversed, and the negative background is successful. The wave amplitude of the source retrieval is more negative than that of the correct rejection wave amplitude. Further, at this time, there is an emotional effect under the correct source, and further analysis shows that the correct amplitude of the source of fear is more negative than the correct amplitude of the neutral source. Implicit source retrieval (source familiarity) increased, but the explicit retrieval of sources of fear (source recollection) was weakened.
In Experiment 2, we explored the negative bias of the high and low anxiety population at the source memory coding stage and the extraction stage, and the influence of emotion and presentation time. Through 15 subjects of high and low anxiety subjects and 30 subjects, we explored the action and brain mechanism on the background of different emotional titers. The DM effect under the correct source condition is longer than that under the neutral background. At the same time, at 300 to 1600ms, the correct wave amplitude of the source is more correct than that under the neutral background. The amplitude of the wave amplitude is longer than the time when the stimulus is present, or under the correct source, and the time is shorter than the present. The new and old effects under the correct source condition, the time history of the fear background is longer than the neutral background, and the emotional effect of 300-700ms, the correct wave amplitude in the fear background is better than the neutral background. Under the correct source condition, the interaction between the time and the anxiety is also found in the 300-1600ms. Further, the interaction between the present time and the anxiety is also found. It was found that, for the high anxiety subjects, both the top and the central areas found that the wave amplitude of the short time was longer than that of the time. In general, experiment 2 found the DM effect and the new and old effect of the encoding stage of the population in the source memory. And the interaction between trait anxiety and the presentation of time.
In Experiment 1, the response of high anxiety individuals to the source of fear was less than the neutral background, while in Experiment 2, the response of the high and low anxiety individuals to the source of fear was greater than the neutral background; the experimental results were influenced by the anxiety level, the task difficulty and the experimental setting.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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