老年人依恋和情绪调节策略的关系：社会支持的中介作用

发布时间：2018-05-23 09:03

本文选题：情绪调节策略 + 依恋　；参考：《西南大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：情绪调节是在情绪发生过程中展开的,在情绪发生的不同阶段,产生不同的调节策略。情绪调节策略的合理使用对个体管理好自己的情绪,维持身心健康具有重要的意义。研究还发现,形成与个体早期并伴随个体终身发展的依恋风格会影响个体情绪调节策略的使用。而已有的大量研究发现,老年人群体的情绪调节与年轻人有着很大的不同。本研究从依恋角度出发,对老年人个体认知重评策略和表达抑制策略的使用进行分析,并尝试将社会支持水平作为影响二者关系的中介变量一起纳入考虑。研究以重庆地区老年人为被试,采用问卷进行了调查,结果发现:(1)在老年人群体中,相较于男性,女性个体具有更低的回避性;女性比男性也更加多的使用认知重评策略。(2)随着年龄的提高,老年人群体的回避性降低,60岁以下年龄组的老年人的依恋回避维度得分要显著高于70-79岁及80岁以上年龄组;小学受教育水平的老年人的得分显著低于初中、高中及大学教育水平的老年人。(3)认知重评的得分上,80岁以上年龄组老年人比60-69岁及70-79岁年龄组老年人更多的使用认知重评策略。(4)不同依恋类型老年人的社会支持水平显著差异,安全型老年人的社会支持水平显著高于恐惧型、专注型和回避型。(5)回避型依恋老年人相较于安全型、恐惧型和专注型老年人,使用认知重评策略更少,但却更多地使用表达抑制策略。(6)社会支持水平和依恋回避、依恋焦虑均呈现显著的负相关。社会支持水平和认知重评呈现显著的正相关,和表达抑制呈现显著负相关。(7)依恋回避和认知重评呈现显著的负相关,和表达抑制呈现显著的正相关。社会支持完全中介了依恋回避对认知重评和表达抑制的影响。通过提高社会支持水平,能够使高回避型个体更多的使用认知重评策略,更少的使用表达抑制策略。(8)依恋焦虑和认知重评呈现显著的正相关,和表达抑制相关不显著。社会支持在依恋焦虑和情绪调节中呈现出“遮蔽效应”,社会支持部分“遮蔽”依恋焦虑对认知重评的预测,而完全“遮蔽”依恋焦虑对表达抑制的预测。通过提高社会支持水平,能够使高焦虑型个体更多的使用表达抑制策略,更少的使用认知重评策略。上述研究结果综合考察了依恋对个体认知重评策略和表达抑制策略使用的影响,全面探究了老年人依恋同情绪调节策略的使用之间的关系。结构模型的构建更加深入地明晰了变量之间的关系,丰富了依恋和情绪调节理论的研究实践,有利于帮助老年人合理的使用情绪调节策略,改善情绪调节功能缺陷个体管理情绪的能力,为临床干预和心理咨询提供了些许理论支撑。
[Abstract]:Emotional regulation is carried out in the process of emotional development, and different regulation strategies are produced in different stages of emotional development. The rational use of emotion regulation strategies is of great significance for individuals to manage their emotions and maintain their physical and mental health. The study also found that attachment style formed with the individual early and with the individual lifelong development will affect the use of individual emotion regulation strategies. A large number of studies have found that the emotional regulation of elderly groups is very different from that of young people. From the perspective of attachment, this study analyzes the use of cognitive reassessment strategies and expression inhibition strategies in the elderly, and attempts to take the level of social support as an intermediary variable affecting the relationship between them. In this study, the elderly in Chongqing were investigated by questionnaire. The results showed that the female individuals had lower avoidance than males in the elderly group, and the results showed that: (1) in the elderly population, the female population had a lower level of avoidance than that of the male group. Women also used cognitive reassessment strategies more than men. (2) with the increase of age, the scores of attachment avoidance dimension of the elderly group were significantly higher than those of the 70-79 and 80 age groups. The scores of the elderly with primary school education were significantly lower than those of junior middle school. The scores of cognitive reassessment in senior middle school and university education were higher than those in 60-69 and 70-79 years old.) there were significant differences in the social support level of the elderly with different attachment types, compared with those aged 60-69 and 70-79. The level of social support of the elderly with safety type was significantly higher than that with fear type. The level of social support of the elderly with focus type and avoidance type was significantly higher than that with safety type, fear type and focus type, and the cognitive reassessment strategy was less than that of safety type, fear type and focus type. However, the expression inhibition strategy. 6) the level of social support, attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety were negatively correlated. There was a significant positive correlation between the level of social support and cognitive reassessment, and a significant negative correlation between the level of social support and expression inhibition. (7) attachment avoidance and cognitive reassessment showed significant negative correlation, and there was a significant positive correlation between the level of social support and the inhibition of expression. Social support completely mediates the influence of attachment avoidance on cognitive reappraisal and expression inhibition. By improving the level of social support, we can make the high-avoidance individuals use more cognitive reassessment strategies, and less use expression inhibition strategies. The attachment anxiety and cognitive re-evaluation showed significant positive correlation, and the expression inhibition was not significantly correlated with attachment anxiety. Social support shows "masking effect" in attachment anxiety and emotion regulation. Social support partially "obscures" attachment anxiety predicts cognitive reappraisal, and completely "obscures" attachment anxiety predicts expression inhibition. By improving the level of social support, high anxiety individuals can use more expression inhibition strategies and less cognitive reappraisal strategies. The results of this study comprehensively investigated the effects of attachment on the use of cognitive reappraisal strategies and expression inhibition strategies and comprehensively explored the relationship between attachment and the use of emotion regulation strategies in the elderly. The construction of structural model makes the relationship between variables more clear, enriches the research practice of attachment and emotion regulation theory, and helps the elderly to use emotion regulation strategies reasonably. Improving the ability of individuals with emotional regulation dysfunction to manage emotion provides some theoretical support for clinical intervention and psychological counseling.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B844.4

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