事件的公平性与道德认同对道德决策的影响

发布时间：2018-05-28 02:23

本文选题：事件 + 公平性　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：古往今来,公平一直是人们孜孜不倦追求的目标。每个人都希望生活在公平的环境中得到公平的待遇,大到国家政策,小到排队买药,公平覆盖了社会生活的方方面面。然而,在如今的社会,不公平事件日益频发,已有研究表明,遭遇不公平事件的个体很可能做不道德的决策。以往研究集中探索了情绪、情境、认知等因素对道德决策的影响,公平作为与我们日常生活息息相关的内容,倍受关注,但较少有研究涉及事件的公平性对道德决策的影响。以往研究表明,违反公平标准的解释比符合公平标准的解释导致更强的不道德行为倾向。现实生活中,不道德行为不仅经常发生在道德标准低的个体身上,道德标准高的个体也会做“坏事”。在道德领域,道德认同被认为是道德行为的重要动力,对道德行为有较好的解释力。一般来说,高道德认同者较低道德认同者更倾向于道德决策,做道德行为,而受事件公平性的影响,高道德认同者与低道德认同者在道德决策方面是否存在差异,仍待检验。本研究从结果公平和程序公平的角度,探讨了事件的公平性和道德认同对道德决策的影响。实验一采用2(结果公平:公平、不公平)×2(道德认同:高、低)被试间设计,实验二采用2(程序公平:公平、不公平)×2(道德认同:高、低)被试间设计,因变量均为不道德行为倾向。研究结果表明:(1)事件的公平性对个体道德决策的影响显著,当事件公平时,个体做出不道德行为的倾向比事件不公平时更低,当事件涉及结果不公平时,不同道德认同水平的个体在道德决策上不存在显著差异,当事件涉及程序不公平时,低道德认同的个体较高道德认同的个体做出不道德行为倾向显著更强。(2)当事件不公平时,个体较事件公平时正性情绪显著更弱,负性情绪显著更强,做出不道德决策后,负性情绪显著减弱,正性情绪显著增强。
[Abstract]:Throughout the ages, fairness has been the goal that people have been pursuing tirelessly. Everyone wants to be treated fairly in a fair environment, ranging from national policies to small queues for medicine, which covers all aspects of social life. However, in today's society, the incidence of unfair events is increasingly frequent, and research has shown that individuals who encounter unfair events are likely to make immoral decisions. Previous studies have focused on the influence of emotion, situation, cognition and other factors on moral decision-making. Fairness, which is closely related to our daily life, has attracted much attention, but there are few studies on the impact of the fairness of events on moral decision-making. Previous studies have shown that interpretations that violate fair standards are more likely to lead to unethical behaviour than those that meet fair standards. In real life, immoral behavior often occurs not only in individuals with low moral standards, but also in individuals with high moral standards. In the field of morality, moral identity is regarded as an important driving force of moral behavior and has a better explanation for moral behavior. Generally speaking, the high moral identity is more inclined to make moral decision than the low moral identity, but due to the influence of the fairness of the event, whether there are differences between the high moral identity and the low moral identity is still to be tested. From the perspective of outcome fairness and procedural fairness, this study explores the impact of event fairness and moral identity on moral decision-making. Experiment 1 used 2 (result fair: fair, unfair) 脳 2 (moral identity: high, low) design, experiment 2 (procedural fairness: fair, unfair) 脳 2 (moral identity: high, low). The dependent variables are all immoral behavior tendency. The results show that the fairness of the event has a significant impact on the individual moral decision. When the event is fair, the tendency of the individual to behave immoral is lower than that when the event is unfair, and when the event involves the result is not fair, There is no significant difference in moral decision-making among individuals with different moral identity levels. When events involve procedural unfairness, individuals with lower moral identity tend to behave immoral significantly more strongly than those with higher moral identity. The positive emotion was significantly weaker and the negative emotion was significantly stronger than when the event was fair. After making the immoral decision, the negative emotion was significantly weakened, and the positive emotion was significantly enhanced.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

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