成人世界和儿童世界中“鬼”的观念和印象

发布时间：2018-05-31 00:09

本文选题：成人 + 儿童　；参考：《鲁东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前，关于“鬼”的研究主要是从语言学、文化学、民族学等方面对“鬼”本身进行研究，但在学术界中从心理学角度研究“鬼”的文献非常少。本研究从儿童和成人两个角度来研究“鬼”的形象和观念，选取3-5周岁儿童为儿童世界的被试，选取18-24周岁的成人为成人世界的被试。以认知心理学，发展心理学等相关理论为基础，运用词汇联想测验，画图测验等方法研究发现：1.成人世界中由“鬼”联想到的词中，中性词占大部分，其次是贬义词，最后是褒义词；儿童世界中由“鬼”联想到的词比较少，并且这些词一般都来源于故事和影视中的原型，如老虎等。2.儿童世界和成人世界中，鬼的形象和人的形象有很大的相似之处，在人的基础上发生变异，，其中头发、耳朵、眼的变异率最高；儿童世界中的鬼形象除了有像人的特点之外，还像动物，甚至就是动物3.儿童世界和成人世界中关于鬼的观念和印象在一些方面存在显著性差异：成人世界中认为世界上有鬼的频率比儿童世界高；成人世界中对鬼的认识是比较具有中性意义的，里面含有更多的引申意思，鬼的形象大多是在人的基础上发生了很多变异；儿童对鬼的认识是比较简单的，更多的是出于有趣。儿童世界中鬼是有生命的，变异很小，更多的是简单的某一人物形象、动物形象或者是无生命的物质的形象，如石头等。了解儿童世界和成人世界对鬼的观念和印象能够比较全面的了解当代人对“鬼”的认识，对解决一些现实困惑提供依据。
[Abstract]:At present, the study of "ghost" is mainly from the aspects of linguistics, culture, ethnology and so on, but there is very little literature on "ghost" in academic circles from the angle of psychology. In this study, the image and concept of "ghost" were studied from the perspective of children and adults. Children aged 3-5 years were selected as subjects of children's world, and adults aged 18-24 years were selected as subjects of adult world. Based on the related theories of cognitive psychology and developmental psychology, this paper uses the methods of lexical association test and drawing test to find out that: 1. In the adult world, neutral words account for the majority of the words associated with ghosts, followed by derogatory words, and finally commendatory words; in children's world, there are fewer words associated with "ghosts", and these words are generally derived from the prototypes of stories and movies. Such as tiger, etc. In the children's world and the adult world, the ghost image and the human image have great similarity, on the basis of human beings, the variation rate of hair, ears and eyes is the highest; the ghost image in the children's world has the characteristics other than human beings. Like animals, even animals. There are significant differences in the perceptions and impressions of ghosts between the children's world and the adult world: in the adult world, the frequency of ghosts in the world is higher than that in the children's world, and the awareness of ghosts in the adult world is more neutral. There are more generalizations, most of the ghost image is on the basis of a lot of human mutation; children's understanding of ghosts is relatively simple, more out of fun. In the child world, ghosts are living, with little variation, more simple characters, animal images or inanimate material images, such as stones, etc. Understanding the concept and impression of ghosts in the world of children and adults can comprehensively understand the cognition of "ghosts" in contemporary people, and provide the basis for solving some practical puzzles.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】