大学生健康价值观与自我效能感、健康行为的特点及关系研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 13:54

本文选题：健康价值观 + 自我效能感　；参考：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：健康对人类来说是一个永恒的话题,是人生中最宝贵的财富,正所谓“身体是革命的本钱”。随着生活水平的日益提升,人们对健康的认识也越来越深刻,在社会经济飞速发展的今天尤为如此。然而,如今人们为了适应快节奏的生活,迫于生活压力,往往以牺牲自身的健康为代价去实现目标。由此,健康的重要性日益突。大学生是社会的生力军,是社会进步的有力推动者,大学生的健康问题备受关注。以往对于健康行为的研究多与心理健康相结合,但是个体对健康的价值观念和对自我能效的认识对健康行的展开影响深远。为此,本研究在编制大学生健康价值观问卷的基础上,引入自我效能感这一中介变量,探讨大学生健康价值观、自我效能感和健康行为的特点及其关系。本研究主要由两个部分构成：第一部分：大学生健康价值观问卷的编制。通过分析己有相关文献、开放式问卷调查以及征求心理学专家的意见,初步确立大学生价值观的理论维度,并编制了初测问卷。对回收的294份初始问卷进行项目分析和两次探索性因素分析,得到由19道题和三个因素构成的大学生健康价值观正式问卷。三个因素分别为：生理健康观,反映了个体对体质、身材外形以及精神面貌等方面的重视程度;心理健康观,反映的是个体对内心状态,如智力、意识、意志等方面的重视程度；社会行为健康观,则反映的是个体对环境的适应能力、行为表现、人际交往等社会活动方面的重视程度。通过对来自位于中国西南部和东部的五所高校的1200名大学生进行正式测试,对回收的858份有效问卷进行统计分析,结果表明,编制的大学生健康价值观问卷具有良好的信效度,各维度以及总问卷的内部一致性系数介于0.880到0.947之间。另外,选取了一个大二年级的班级,在时隔两周之后进行了重测,各维度以及总问卷的重测信度介于0.792到0.927之间,各维度与总分之间的相关符合测量学的要求。验证性因素分析表明问卷的各拟合指标也到达了测量学的要求。第二部分：探究大学生健康价值观、自我效能感和健康行为的特点及关系。通过对数据的统计分析发现：当前大学生最看重的是生理健康,并且在个人生活习惯方面做的最好；大学生健康价值观在年级和专业之间的差异显著,而在性别、生源地和亲子关系间的差异不显著；大学生的自我效能感和健康行为则在性别、生源地、亲子关系、年级和专业之间均存在显著差异；大学生健康价值观与自我效能感和健康行为间呈显著正相关关系：大学生健康价值观和自我效能感对健康行为具有正向的预测作用；自我效能感在健康价值观和健康行为之间起着部分中介作用,理论假设得以验证。
[Abstract]:Health is an eternal topic for human beings, is the most precious wealth in life, the so-called "body is the capital of revolution." With the increasing improvement of living standards, people's understanding of health is becoming more and more profound, especially in the rapid development of social economy today. However, in order to adapt to the fast pace of life, people are under pressure to achieve their goals at the expense of their own health. As a result, health is becoming increasingly important. College students are new forces of society and powerful promoters of social progress. In the past, the study of health behavior was combined with mental health, but the value of health and the awareness of self-energy efficiency had a profound impact on the development of health behavior. Therefore, on the basis of compiling the questionnaire of college students' health values, this study introduces the self-efficacy as an intermediary variable, and probes into the characteristics and relationships of college students' health values, self-efficacy and healthy behaviors. This study consists of two parts: the first part: the compilation of college students'health values questionnaire. Based on the analysis of relevant literature, open questionnaire and the advice of psychology experts, the theoretical dimension of college students' values is preliminarily established, and a preliminary questionnaire is compiled. Based on the item analysis and two exploratory factor analysis of 294 initial questionnaires, a formal questionnaire of college students' health values was obtained, which consisted of 19 questions and three factors. The three factors are: the view of physical health, which reflects the degree of importance that the individual attaches to physique, body shape and mental outlook, and the view of mental health, which reflects the individual's view of inner state, such as intelligence, consciousness, etc. The social behavior health view reflects the individual's ability to adapt to the environment, the behavior performance, the social interaction and so on. Through a formal test of 1200 college students from five colleges and universities in southwest and east of China, 858 valid questionnaires were collected. The results show that the questionnaire has good reliability and validity. The internal consistency coefficients of each dimension and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.880 to 0.947. In addition, a sophomore class was selected and re-tested after two weeks. The test-retest reliability of each dimension and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.792 to 0.927, and the correlation between each dimension and the total score met the requirements of measurement. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the fitting indexes of the questionnaire also meet the requirements of measurement. The second part: explore the characteristics and relationships of college students'health values, self-efficacy and healthy behavior. Through the statistical analysis of the data, it is found that the most important thing for college students is physical health, and they do the best in their personal life habits, and the difference of their health values between grades and majors is significant, while that of gender is significant. There was no significant difference between the origin of students and parent-child relationship, while there were significant differences in self-efficacy and healthy behavior among the students in gender, place of origin, parent-child relationship, grade and specialty. There is a significant positive correlation between college students' health values and self-efficacy and healthy behaviors: the healthy values and self-efficacy of college students have a positive predictive effect on healthy behavior; Self-efficacy plays an intermediary role between health values and healthy behaviors, and theoretical hypothesis is verified.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B848

【参考文献】