社会阶层与亲社会行为：富足感的作用

发布时间：2018-06-16 04:46

本文选题：主观社会阶层 + 亲社会行为　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：亲社会行为是在社会生活中广泛存在的一种行为,这种行为对他人和社会都是有益处的。现实生活中,人们常常遇到助人情境。一般来说,不同的人会有不同的反应。以往的研究偏重在个体特征对亲社会行为的影响。社会阶层心理学的兴起,为研究亲社会行为提供了一个新的视角。近年来,越来越多的研究者对此进行了研究,但得出了不一致的结论,有的研究者认为社会阶层比较高的个体会表现出更多的亲社会行为,还有研究者认为社会阶层比较低的个体会表现出更多的亲社会行为。这些研究基本上都是在西方文化背景下得出的结论。在中国文化背景下对社会阶层与亲社会行为关系的研究还不是很多,那么在中国文化背景下,不同社会阶层的个体在亲社会行为的表现上到底有什么差异呢?与此同时,我们结合前人的研究,提出富足感的感念,我们认为个体对自身所拥有的物质财富、家庭和人际关系的知足的心理体验会影响其亲社会行为。因此,我们设计了两个研究来探讨在中国文化背景下,不同阶层的个体在亲社会行为上的差异以及富足感对亲社会行为的影响。为了在不同的富足感启动条件下来探讨不同社会阶层的个体的亲社会行为的差异,研究一采用2 (社会阶层:高vs低)X3 (启动:富足感vs不满足感vs控制组)被试间设计。结果发现,社会阶层的主效应显著,低阶层者比高阶层者表现出了更多的亲社会行为;富足感启动主效应显著,富足感启动的个体比不满足启动和控制启动的个体的亲社会行为水平更高;社会阶层和不同启动条件的交互作用不显著。研究二采用2 (社会阶层:高vs低)X2 (启动:富足感vs控制组)被试间设计。在研究二中我们采用与研究一不同的启动方式,探讨不同富足感启动条件下不同社会阶层的个体的亲社会行为的差异。结果发现,社会阶层的主效应显著,低阶层者比高阶层者表现出了更多的亲社会行为;启动方式的主效应显著,富足感启动条件下被试比控制启动组的被试的亲社会行为水平更高;社会阶层和启动方式的交互作用显著,富足感启动组中低阶层个体比高阶层个体有更多的亲社会行为;而控制组中,不同阶层的个体亲社会行为水平无显著差异。总的来说,亲社会行为在社会阶层上存在着差异,两种方式的富足感启动均是有效的,富足感对个体的亲社会行为有重要影响。
[Abstract]:Prosocial behavior is a widespread behavior in social life, which is beneficial to others and society. In real life, people often encounter helpful situations. Generally speaking, different people have different reactions. Previous studies have focused on the influence of individual characteristics on pro-social behavior. The rise of social class psychology provides a new perspective for the study of pro-social behavior. In recent years, more and more researchers have studied this issue, but they have reached inconsistent conclusions. Some researchers believe that individuals with a higher social class will exhibit more pro-social behaviors. Other researchers believe that lower-class individuals exhibit more pro-social behavior. These studies are basically drawn under the background of Western culture. There is not much research on the relationship between social stratum and prosocial behavior in Chinese cultural background, so under the Chinese cultural background, what is the difference in the performance of prosocial behavior among individuals of different social strata? At the same time, combined with previous studies, we put forward the feeling of affluence. We think that the individual's satisfying psychological experience of material wealth, family and interpersonal relationship will affect his pro-social behavior. Therefore, we designed two studies to explore the differences in prosocial behavior among individuals in different social strata and the influence of affluence on prosocial behavior in Chinese cultural context. In order to explore the difference of prosocial behavior among individuals of different social classes under different priming conditions of abundance, the first study used 2 (social class: high vs low X 3 (priming: abundance vs discontentment vs control group). The results showed that the main effect of social stratum was significant, the lower class had more pro-social behavior than the high class, and the affluence had significant priming effect. The affluence priming individuals had higher levels of pro-social behavior than those who did not meet the priming and controlling priming conditions, and the interaction between social class and different priming conditions was not significant. In the second study, two subjects were designed (social class: high vs low X 2 (priming: feeling of abundance vs control group). In the second study, we used a different priming method to explore the differences of prosocial behavior of individuals in different social strata under different priming conditions of affluence. The results showed that the main effect of the social stratum was significant, the lower class showed more pro-social behavior than the high class, and the main effect of the priming mode was significant. The affluence priming group had a higher level of pro-social behavior than the control priming group, and the interaction between the social class and the priming mode was significant, and the affluence priming group had more pro-social behaviors than the high-class individuals. In the control group, there was no significant difference in the level of prosocial behavior among individuals in different classes. In general, there are differences in prosocial behavior in the social stratum, the two ways of affluence start are effective, the sense of affluence has an important impact on the individual pro-social behavior.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B849;C912.68

【参考文献】