认知风格、社会距离对择偶复制的影响

发布时间：2018-06-17 08:10

本文选题：择偶复制 + 场独立　；参考：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：择偶复制,是指在择偶过程中,个体所做出的决策会受到其它个体对目标对象评价、判断影响的现象。也就是配偶选择的过程中相互模仿和复制的想象。对择偶复制现象的研究起源于对动物族群的观察。后来的研究发现,人类也存在择偶复制。人类择偶复制现象的研究中,常用研究范式是首先向被试呈现靶目标人物(如照片)作为评价对象；然后呈现该靶目标人物的相关信息(如带着婚戒、其他异性对该靶目标人物的选择意向等)；最后让被试对靶目标人物进行再次评价。如果被试对靶目标人物吸引力的评价因为“相关信息”的影响而发生了变化,就可以根据变化情况,做出是否存在择偶复制的判断。研究者们尝试采用不同的实验材料来探索择偶复制的影响因素及其内在的发生机制。择偶复制的影响因素可以归纳为以下几类：性别、人物吸引力(包括榜样人物的吸引力和靶目标人物的吸引力)、择偶策略、被试的年龄和性经验。目前国外学者在人类择偶复制现象的研究上正处于起步阶段,国内学者对该领域的研究则显得更为苍白。本研究就是在这样的背景之下尝试探讨认知风格、社会距离两个因素对择偶复制效应的影响。通过这两个变量的引入来探索被试内在特征、被试与榜样人物间的内在关联性对择偶复制的影响,以弥补相关研究空白。认知是指个体在组织和加工信息中所具有的个性化的和一贯的方式。在诸多的认知风格模型中,场认知风格的理论是提出最早、研究最多、最为成熟的模型,也是认知风格的核心模型。研究表明,认知风格会对个体决策产生影响。社会距离是指社会客体与个体自我差异的大小,反映了基于社会变量或社会网络的相似性或亲近度。解释水平理论中将社会距离作为心理距离的一种表现形式。相关研究证实,心理距离也是能够影响个体的决策的。而通过择偶复制的研究范式可知,被试对异性照片的吸引力进行评价的过程也是一个决策判断的过程,因此可以推测认知风格和心理距离对择偶复制效应是有影响的。据此本文设计两个实验研究,以探讨场独立-场依存两种认知风格以及社会距离对择偶复制现象的影响。实验结果表明： (1)择偶复制效应是存在的,即被试对靶目标吸引力的评价受到榜样人物的影响。在榜样人物对靶目标积极评价时,被试会复制榜样人物的这种积极效应,因而被试对靶目标的评价会有上升的趋势。当榜样人物对靶目标消极评价时,被试便会复制榜样人物的这种消极效应,因而被试对靶目标的评价会有下降的趋势。 (2)榜样人物选择意愿的变化对场依存者的择偶复制效应产生了显著影响,而该变化对场独立者产生的影响并不显著。在榜样人物对靶目标做出YES判断的/条件下,场依存者比场独立者表现出更强的择偶复制效应。 (3)择偶复制效应的性别差异不显著,即择偶复制效应的大小并不会因为被试性别的不同而产生显著的差异。 (4)榜样人物与被试的社会距离远时,存在择偶复制效应；榜样人物与被试的社会距离近时,被试作出吸引力评价时带有情感因素,而且这种情感因素起了主导作用,因此择偶复制效应没有出现。
[Abstract]:Mating reproduction means that in the process of choosing a spouse, the decision made by the individual will be evaluated by other individuals to the target object, and the influence of the individual is judged. It is the imagination of mutual imitation and reproduction in the process of spouse selection. The study of the phenomenon of mate selection originated from the observation of the animal population. Replication. In the study of human mate reproduction, the common research paradigm is first to present the target characters (such as photos) to the subjects as the evaluation object, and then to present the relevant information of the target characters (such as the wedding ring, the choice of the other opposite sex to the target character), and the final evaluation of the target target characters. If the evaluation of the attractiveness of the target target is changed because of the influence of "related information", it is possible to make a judgment of whether there is a mate copy or not, according to the change.
The researchers tried to use different experimental materials to explore the influencing factors of mate reproduction and their inherent mechanism. The factors that affect mate reproduction can be summarized into the following categories: gender, character attraction (including attractiveness of example personage and target character attraction), mate selection strategy, age and sexual experience of the subjects. Foreign scholars are at the beginning of the study of the phenomenon of human mate reproduction, and the domestic scholars look more pale in this field. This study is to try to explore the effect of cognitive style and social distance on the effect of mate selection in this context. Through the introduction of the two variables, the two factors have been explored to explore the inner part of the subjects. Characteristics, the interrelationship between subjects and model personas affect the mate selection, so as to make up for the gaps in relevant research.
Cognition refers to the individualized and consistent way individuals have in organizational and processing information. In many cognitive style models, the theory of field cognitive style is the earliest, most studied and most mature model, and is also the core model of cognitive style. It refers to the size of the social object and the individual's self difference, reflecting the similarity or proximity based on the social variables or social networks. The theory of interpretation is a manifestation of the social distance as a form of psychological distance. The related research confirms that the psychological distance can also affect the individual's decision. It is known that the process of evaluating the attractiveness of the heterosexual photographs is also a process of decision making. Therefore, it is possible to speculate that cognitive style and psychological distance have an impact on the mating effect of mate selection. Accordingly, this paper designs two experimental studies to explore the two recognition styles of field independent field dependence and the social distance to the phenomenon of mate reproduction. Influence.
The experimental results show that:
(1) the effect of mate selection is present, that is, the evaluation of the target's attractiveness to the target is influenced by the role model. In the positive evaluation of the target target, the subjects replicate the positive effect of the example, so the test will have an upward trend in the evaluation of the target target. It will reproduce the negative effect of example characters, so that the evaluation of target target will decrease.
(2) the change of choice intention of example characters has a significant influence on the mate selection effect of the field dependent, and the change has no significant influence on the field independent. In the condition that the example person makes YES judgment to the target target, the field dependents show stronger mate reproduction effect than those of the field independent.
(3) there is no significant gender difference in mate selection effect, that is, the size of mate selection effect will not be significantly different from the sex of the subjects.
(4) when the social distance between the model people and the subjects is far away, there is a copy effect of mate selection; when the distance between the example and the subjects is close to the social distance of the subjects, the subjects have emotional factors when they make the attractiveness evaluation, and this emotional factor plays a leading role, so the mating effect of mate selection is not present.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】