基于稀缺理论的安全感研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 05:29

本文选题：安全感 + 稀缺　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：安全感是决定心理健康最重要的因素。一个人如果缺乏安全感,心理成长就会停滞。而具有安全感的人才能自由的渴望更高层次的人生需要。成长经历、社会文化、自然环境的差异会造成每个人拥有不同水平的安全感。稀缺理论阐述了个体在面对资源匮乏时会形成稀缺心态。稀缺资源总是能俘获个体注意力,占据认知资源,削弱个体在其他任务上的能力。所以在威胁安全感的情境下,当个体安全感需要被激活时,低安全感水平个体会形成安全感资源稀缺心态而高安全感个体不会,这可能导致两组个体对认知资源的分配存在差异,从而影响个体在其他任务上认知功能、执行功能的发挥,甚至对其决策倾向产生影响。本研究基于稀缺理论通过3个实验层层递进地考察安全感是如何影响个体决策过程的。研究一通过点探测任务考察个体在安全感需要被激活时,高、低安全感水平对满足安全需要相关信息的注意偏向的影响,验证低安全感个体是否更为关注与满足安全需要相关的信息。研究二通过瑞文测验和空间Stroop任务考察安全感需要被激活时,低安全感组的个体是否会由于关注安全需要相关信息,产生认知负荷,导致高、低安全感两组被试的认知和执行功能产生差异。研究三通过决策任务,考察安全感需要被激活时,高、低安全感个体在执行功能上产生的差异,以及该差异是否会进一步对个体的决策过程产生影响。结论如下:(1)当安全感需要未被激活时,高安全感组和低安全感组个体均未表现出对安全感相关词汇的注意偏向;当安全感需要被激活时,高安全感组和低安全感组个体均表现出对安全感相关词汇的注意偏向;高安全感组执行点探测任务的反应时比低安全感组短。(2)当安全感需要未被激活时,高安全感组和低安全感组个体的认知、执行功能没有存在显著差异。当安全感需要被激活时,低安全感组的认知和执行功能显著低于高安全感组。具体表现为在瑞文测验和空间Stroop任务中,低安全感组的正确率显著低于高安全感组;在空间Stroop任务中,低安全感组的冲突量显著大于高安全感组。(3)当安全感需要未被激活时,高安全感组和低安全感组个体的执行功能和决策过程不存在显著差异。当安全感需要被激活时,安全感水平不仅影响个体的执行功能,甚至影响个体的决策过程。低安全感组相比于高安全感组更倾向于做出保守决策,而且决策时间更长。
[Abstract]:Security is the most important determinant of mental health. If a person is insecure, psychological growth will stagnate. And those who feel safe can be free to yearn for higher life needs. Differences in growth experience, social culture, and natural environment lead to a different level of security for everyone. Scarcity theory expounds that individuals will form a scarcity mentality in the face of resource scarcity. Scarce resources always capture the individual's attention, occupy cognitive resources and weaken the individual's ability in other tasks. So in the context of threatening security, when individual security needs to be activated, individuals with low security levels will form a sense of security that resources are scarce and individuals with high security will not. This may lead to differences in the allocation of cognitive resources between the two groups, thus affecting the cognitive and executive functions of individuals in other tasks and even their decision-making tendencies. Based on scarcity theory, three experiments are conducted to investigate how the sense of security affects the individual decision-making process. Study one examines the effects of high and low security levels on the attention bias of individuals to information related to security needs when security needs are activated through point detection missions. Verify that low-security individuals pay more attention to information related to meeting security needs. In the second study, when the sense of security needs to be activated through the Raven test and the spatial Stroop task, whether the individuals in the low security group would have a high cognitive burden due to the concern for the information related to security needs, There were differences in cognitive and executive functions between the two groups. Through decision-making tasks, the third study examines the differences in executive functions of individuals with high and low security when they need to be activated, and whether the differences will further influence the decision-making process of individuals. The conclusion is as follows: (1) when the need for security is not activated, the individuals in both the high and low security groups do not show an attentional bias towards the words related to the sense of security, and when the sense of security needs to be activated, The individuals of the high security group and the low security group both showed an attentional bias towards the words related to security; the response time of the high security group to the point detection task was shorter than that of the low security group.) when the need for security was not activated, the response time of the high security group was shorter than that of the low security group. There was no significant difference in cognition and executive function between the high security group and the low security group. When the sense of security needs to be activated, the cognitive and executive functions of the low-security group were significantly lower than those of the high-security group. In the Raven test and the spatial Stroop task, the accuracy rate of the low security group was significantly lower than that of the high security group; in the spatial Stroop task, the conflict rate of the low security group was significantly higher than that of the high security group. There was no significant difference in executive function and decision-making process between the high security group and the low security group. When the sense of security needs to be activated, the level of security not only affects the executive function of the individual, but also affects the decision-making process of the individual. The low-security group is more likely to make conservative decision than the high-security group, and the decision time is longer.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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