认知风格、先验概率和结果效价对大学生控制错觉的影响

发布时间：2018-06-22 05:37

本文选题：控制错觉 + 先验概率　；参考：《天津师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：控制错觉是指个体对自己在机会或技能情境中真实控制的认知偏差。其研究方法主要有问卷法和实验法,影响因素包括任务类型、结果效价和强化频率等情境因素以及心境、控制动机和人格特质等个体因素,形成机制的解释主要有控制启发式及自我调节理论。控制错觉对个体的保健养生、投资管理、风险决策等诸多活动有不同的影响。本研究在Alloy和Abramson (1979)亮灯任务基础上,参考交通信号灯这个极具社会日常性的模型,结合问卷调查和认知行为实验的方法,研究一调查机会情境中大学生控制错觉的性别和认知风格差异；研究二采用2×2完全随机实验设计,关注先验概率和结果效价对机会情境中大学生控制错觉的影响,从这两个部分探究机会情境中大学生的控制错觉在个体因素上的差异以及情境因素对大学生控制错觉的影响。研究一得到17名男大学生、19名女大学生,共36份有效数据,其中场依存型大学生有12名,场独立型大学生有24名；研究二得到13名男大学生、19名女大学生共32份有效数据。采用E-prime 2.0以及SPSS 17.0进行数据统计分析。基于对大学生在机会情境中控制错觉的数据分析结果,本研究有以下结论：(1)大学生出现控制错觉这一现象具有普遍性。(2)大学生的控制错觉无性别和认知风格的差异。(3)先验概率和结果效价对大学生的控制错觉都有显著的影响,表现为大学生在0.75的先验概率条件下对控制的评估显著地高于0.25的先验概率,出现控制错觉;相较于结果的负效价,在结果的正效价条件下大学生显著地高估自己具有的控制程度,出现控制错觉。先验概率和结果效价因素间交互作用不显著。(4)大学生会根据行为和结果之间关系的经验不断调整行为策略,以求个人收益最大化。
[Abstract]:The illusion of control refers to the cognitive bias that an individual actually controls in a situation of opportunity or skill. The main research methods are questionnaire and experiment. The influencing factors include task type, result titer and reinforcement frequency, mood, controlling motivation and personality traits, etc. The explanation of formation mechanism mainly includes control heuristics and self-regulation theory. Illusion of control has different effects on individual health care, investment management, risk decision-making and many other activities. Based on the tasks of Alloy and Abramson (1979), this study referred to the traffic signal light, which is a social model, combined with questionnaire survey and cognitive behavior experiment. The study investigated the differences of gender and cognitive style of the control illusion in the opportunity situation of college students. In the second study, a 2 脳 2 complete randomized experimental design was used to study the effect of priori probability and result price on the control illusion of university students in the opportunity situation. From these two parts, this paper explores the differences in individual factors of college students' illusion of control in the context of opportunity and the influence of situational factors on the illusion of control of college students. In the first study, there were 17 male college students and 19 female college students, with a total of 36 valid data. There were 12 interdependent college students and 24 field independent college students, and 32 valid data were obtained from 13 male college students and 19 female college students. E-prime 2.0 and SPSS 17.0 were used for statistical analysis. Based on the results of data analysis of college students' illusion of control in the context of opportunity, The results of this study are as follows: (1) the phenomenon of control illusion in college students is universal. (2) there is no difference between gender and cognitive style in the control illusion of college students. (3) the priori probability and the result price have significant effects on the control illusion of college students. Under the condition of a priori probability of 0.75, the evaluation of control was significantly higher than the prior probability of 0.25, which resulted in the illusion of control, and the negative value compared with the result. Under the condition of positive titer of results, college students significantly overestimated their degree of control and appeared the illusion of control. The interaction between priori probability and result titer is not significant. (4) College students will constantly adjust their behavior strategies according to the experience of the relationship between behavior and outcome in order to maximize personal income.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842

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