大学生对残疾人外显态度与内隐态度的测评

发布时间：2018-06-27 03:42

本文选题：残疾人态度 + 外显态度　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：国家对残疾人相关事业的重视已经深入贯彻于国家政策与地方发展规划中,而来自于社会对残疾人的消极态度却成为了他们社会参与和个人发展的最大阻碍因素,作为未来社会的接班人,大学生对残疾人的社会参与发挥着重要的影响作用。然而,全面梳理我国对残疾人态度的研究成果发现,尽管双重态度模型持续作为态度研究的主要框架基础,但是指向于残疾人态度的双重态度研究,在重视残疾人权利、突出残疾儿童教育的现代教育心理学研究中尚不多见,一方面表现在,我国缺乏具备本土化特色的残疾人外显态度问卷,另一方面,传统内隐联想实验,难于克服匹配“残疾人”这一概念词上存在的困难。基于此,本研究在综合梳理了态度测量相关方法的前提下,依次展开了以下两个研究。首先,研究一通过对国内外相关文献的梳理、开放式的访谈、对问卷文字流畅度等进行等级评定的基础上,从认知、情感和行为三个方面形成了大学生对残疾人态度的初始问卷。在沈阳某大学进行预测之后,形成了正式问卷;再选取了东北、西南和华东四所高等院校的894名大学生,进行问卷的正式施测。结果发现,自编的残疾人态度问卷包括四个因子,分别是社交不适、情感脆弱、平等参与、权利误解;而且,此问卷的重测信度、内部一致性信度、内容效度、构想效度、聚敛效度和效标关联效度均达到较为理想的水平,说明本问卷可用于今后对残疾人的态度测量中;同时对大学生的现状调查发现,大学生对残疾人表现为一个较为积极的外显态度;在人口统计学变量和接触经验上表现出显著差异。其次,为了弥补外显态度测验在社会赞许效应方面存在的不足,研究二通过自由招募的方式,选取了70名沈阳师范大学的在校大学生为被试,采用单类内隐联想测验(SC-IAT)测量了大学生对残疾人的内隐态度;结果发现内隐态度效应d值为0.56,显著高于中立内隐态度值“0”,说明对于残疾人这类群体,大学生总体上持消极内隐态度;同时内隐态度d值与外显态度总分及各因子之间的相关系数位于0.036-0.138之间,支持了双重态度模型。总之,研究的目的即在于指导实践,研究发现了对残疾人这一群体,消极态度持续存在,所以未来的研究应该寻求消极态度改善的措施;同时,大学生应该增强主人翁意识,积极参与到残疾人相关的社会活动中,贡献自己的力量。
[Abstract]:The national emphasis on the disabled has been deeply implemented in the national policies and local development plans, but the negative attitude of the society towards the disabled has become the biggest hindrance to their social participation and personal development. As the successor of the future society, college students play an important role in the social participation of the disabled. However, through a comprehensive review of the research results on attitudes towards persons with disabilities in China, it is found that although the dual attitude model continues to be the main framework of attitude research, it points to the dual attitudes towards persons with disabilities and attaches importance to the rights of persons with disabilities. There are few researches on modern educational psychology that highlight the education of disabled children. On the one hand, there is a lack of explicit attitude questionnaire for the disabled with local characteristics in our country, on the other hand, the traditional implicit association experiment, It is difficult to overcome the difficulty of matching the concept of "disabled". Based on this, this study has carried out the following two studies on the premise of synthetically combing the related methods of attitude measurement. First of all, based on the sorting of relevant literature at home and abroad, the open interview, the evaluation of the fluency of the questionnaire, and the cognition, Three aspects of emotion and behavior formed the initial questionnaire of college students' attitude towards the disabled. After forecasting in a certain university in Shenyang, a formal questionnaire was formed, and 894 college students from four colleges and universities in Northeast, Southwest and East China were selected to carry out the formal survey. The results showed that the self-designed questionnaire on the attitude of persons with disabilities included four factors: social discomfort, emotional vulnerability, equal participation, misunderstanding of rights, and the reliability of retest, the reliability of internal consistency, the validity of content and the validity of conception. Both the convergence validity and the correlation validity are satisfactory, which indicates that this questionnaire can be used to measure the attitude towards the disabled in the future. At the same time, the survey on the current situation of college students found that, The college students showed a positive explicit attitude towards the disabled and showed significant differences in demographic variables and contact experience. Secondly, in order to make up for the deficiency of explicit attitude test in the aspect of social approval effect, the second study selected 70 college students from Shenyang normal University as subjects through the way of free recruitment. A single-class implicit association test (SC-IAT) was used to measure the implicit attitude of college students towards the disabled, and the result showed that the implicit attitude effect was 0.56, which was significantly higher than the neutral implicit attitude "0". At the same time, the correlation coefficient between the total score of implicit attitude and the total score of explicit attitude and each factor was 0.036-0.138, which supported the dual attitude model. In short, the purpose of the study is to guide practice. The study found that the negative attitude towards the disabled persists, so future research should seek measures to improve the negative attitude; at the same time, college students should enhance their sense of ownership. Take an active part in the social activities related to the disabled and contribute their own strength.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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