老年人对陌生人的信任特点及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 14:13

本文选题：信任 + 陌生人　；参考：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着老年人年龄的增加,个体的身体机能开始衰退,使得老年人人际交往的范围和频率开始降低,但与陌生人的交往仍是老年人生活中的一部分,可随着各类媒体现今关于陌生人信任危机事件的报道和提出与陌生人交往的警惕提示,使得老年人对与陌生人交往过度担心和谨慎,这不仅影响老年人社会关系的和谐发展,对老年人生活质量同样具有不利影响,而且增加了老年人健康老化的成本。探究老年人对陌生人信任的特点及影响因素,不仅对老年人陌生人信任有一个较为全面的了解,而且为帮助老年人树立正确的陌生人信任观提供支持。本研究主要包括四个部分内容：第一部分主要采用自由联想的方法探讨老年人对陌生人的印象特点；第二部主要采用开放式问卷调查影响老年人对陌生人信任的因素；第三部分主要采用典型信任情景对老年人陌生人信任进行证实；第四部分主要通过实验的方法进一步验证老年人陌生人信任,同时进一步明确影响因素中过去经历类型、受信方年龄特征和不同类型陌生人对老年人陌生人信任的影响。结果发现： (1)总体上,老年人对陌生人的印象呈现消极的特点,具体内容主要包括四个方面：主体认知、主体情绪、客体个性和客体角色,其中以对陌生人的认知评价为主；老年入对陌生人的典型印象为：不了解、不认识、不相信、不理睬、担心、怕上当受骗、不交谈来往、不相干、留心、谨慎。 (2)采用典型信任情景问卷调查证实：老年人对陌生人的信任总体上呈现较低水平,表现为不信任。在性别、年龄和月收入水平上,老年人陌生人信任存在边缘显著,具体表现为：男性个体陌生人信任高于女性；随着年龄的增加,个体对陌生人的信任降低；月收入水平越高,其陌生人信任程度越大；文化程度和职业类型对老年人陌生人信任影响不显著。 (3)影响老年人对陌生人信任的因素主要包括以下六个方面：受信方特征、过去经历类型、风险评估、信任方特征、内容特征、双方相似性。其中以受信方特征的影响居多,其次为过去经历类型的影响。进一步实验发现,过去经历类型、陌生人年龄特征和陌生人类型对个体陌生人信任存在显著影响,具体表现为：整体上,年轻人陌生人信任显著高于老年人(对陌生儿童的信任除外)；经历类型对年轻人的陌生人信任影响差异不显著,对老年人的影响差异显著：积极经历和消极经历组信任显著高于控制组；年轻人对老年陌生人信任最高,其后依次为：儿童陌生人、年轻陌生人；老年人对老年陌生人和儿童陌生人信任最高,对年轻陌生人最低；不论是老年人还是年轻人,面对共同评定为信任的图片其信任程度均显著高于评定为非共同信任的图片；对信任图片的评定均显著高于不信任的图片。
[Abstract]:As the elderly age increases, the body function of the individual begins to decline, making the range and frequency of interpersonal communication of the elderly begin to decrease, but the interaction with strangers is still a part of the life of the elderly. However, with all kinds of media reports on the crisis of strangers' trust and warning of strangers' contact, the elderly people are too worried and cautious about strangers' contact, which not only affects the harmonious development of the elderly's social relations. It also has a negative impact on the quality of life of the elderly, and increases the cost of healthy aging of the elderly. Exploring the characteristics and influencing factors of the old people's trust in strangers not only has a more comprehensive understanding of the old people's strangers' trust, but also provides support for the elderly to establish a correct concept of strangers' trust. This research mainly includes four parts: the first part mainly uses the free association method to explore the old people's impression characteristic to the stranger, the second part mainly uses the open questionnaire to influence the old people to the stranger trust factor; The third part mainly uses the typical trust situation to verify the trust of the elderly strangers. The fourth part mainly verifies the trust of the elderly strangers through the method of experiment, and further clarifies the type of past experience among the influencing factors. The age characteristics of the trusted party and the influence of different types of strangers on the trust of elderly strangers. The results are as follows: (1) on the whole, the old people's impression of strangers shows negative characteristics, and the concrete contents mainly include four aspects: subject cognition, subject emotion, object personality and object role. The typical impression of strangers in old age is: do not understand, do not know, do not believe, ignore, worry, fear of being cheated, do not talk, have nothing to do with, pay attention, (2) A typical trust situation questionnaire was used to confirm that the trust of the elderly to strangers was generally low, and showed distrust. In terms of gender, age and monthly income level, the trust of strangers in the elderly has significant edge, which shows that the trust of strangers in men is higher than that in women; with the increase of age, the trust of individuals in strangers decreases; the level of monthly income is higher. The greater the degree of trust of strangers, the less significant the influence of education level and occupation type on the trust of strangers. (3) the factors that affect the trust of strangers include the following six aspects: the characteristics of trusted parties. Past experience types, risk assessment, trust-side characteristics, content features, and mutual similarities. Among them, the influence of the character of the trusted party is the most, followed by the influence of the past experience type. Further experiments showed that the types of past experiences, the age characteristics of strangers and the types of strangers had significant effects on the trust of individual strangers. The trust of strangers in young people was significantly higher than that in the elderly (except for unfamiliar children), and there was no significant difference in the influence of experience types on the trust of strangers in young people. The influence on the elderly was significant: the trust of the positive and negative experience groups was significantly higher than that of the control group, the young people had the highest trust in the elderly strangers, followed by children strangers, young strangers; The old people had the highest trust to old strangers and children strangers, and the lowest to young strangers. The trust images were significantly higher than the non-trusted images.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.4

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