维吾尔族身份启动对自我参照效应影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-23 09:09

【摘要】：自我参照效应(Self-Reference Effect,简称SRE)是指与自我相联系的记忆材料加工成绩显著优于其他条件的现象(周爱保,2010)。近几年以来,在多元文化与情境的交互作用的视角下,Hong等人(Hong et al.2000;Hong,2009;Wyer,Chiu,Hong,2009)提出了多元文化研究的动态建构主义取向(dynamic constructivist approach),并在此基础上提出了文化框架转换模型(cultural frame switch,CFS)(杨晓莉,2010)。该模型将多元文化对自我产生的影响加以考虑,从而在文化与情境的角度方面来阐述和理解文化变异。个体的认知和情感会被有所差异的不同的的文化背景所影响,也会对自我参照产生不同程度的影响(曹睿昕,2014)。Markus等研究者的研究结果显示:文化背景的差异将给予个体不同的自我图式。例如,处在东方背景中的人们会强调个体与周围环境、个体和他人之间的和谐,所以可以得出,个体对自我图式中包含了亲人等其他与个体较为亲密的亲密他人,这里构建的自我为互倚型自我;与之相对的,处在西方背景的个体更为重视的是自我的独特性,他们强调自我与环境的分离,所以说西方背景下的个体建构的自我是独立型自我。目前,在文化角度上进行的SRE研究,主要集中在东西方文化差异的研究中,而较少的研究统一的主流文化下的不同的亚文化差异以及双文化者。本研究以具有双文化背景的维吾尔族个体为研究对象,采用文字以及图片启动的方式,操作被试不同的文化身份,探究身份变化对被试自我、母亲、父亲参照效应产生的影响。在实验一中,通过使用本民族语言,以语言启动的方式,激活维吾尔个体的民族身份,探究个体在4种参照加工条件下再认率的变化。实验结果发现,自我参照加工的再认率显著优于其他条件(母亲参照加工,父亲参照加工,语义加工),并发现了自我积极偏差现象。个体的自我构念与西方文化背景个体相一致,是独立型自我。在实验二中,通过使用能够代表中国文化的图片和国家通用文字,操作被试的中国人身份。结果显示,被试自我参照加工及母亲参照加工再认率显著高于其他条件并存在积极效应。个体的自我构念与东方文化背景个体相一致,是互倚型自我。当启动维吾尔个体不同身份时,个体的自我构念从独立型自我成功转换为互倚型自我,其结果验证了Hong等研究者提出的文化框架转换模型。在实验三中,通过使用两种语言的文字材料,操作被试的双重身份-作为中国人的维吾尔族。实验结果表明,母亲参照加工条件优于其他加工条件,被试存在母亲参照效应,而自我参照效应没有出现,而实验三中积极效应消失。
[Abstract]:Self-Reference effect (SRE) refers to the phenomenon that the processing performance of self-related memory materials is significantly better than that of other conditions (Zhou Aibao 2010). In recent years, from the perspective of the interaction between multiculturalism and situation, Hong et al. (Hong et al. 2000) proposed the dynamic constructivist orientation (dynamic constructivist approach), of multiculturalism research and proposed a cultural framework transformation model, (cultural frame switch, (Yang Xiaoli 2010). The model takes into account the influence of multiculturalism on self-production, so as to explain and understand the cultural variation from the perspective of culture and situation. Individuals' perceptions and emotions are influenced by different cultural backgrounds, The results of researchers such as Cao Ruixin 2014 and Markus show that cultural background differences will give individuals different self-schemas. For example, people in the Eastern context will emphasize the harmony between the individual and the surroundings, between the individual and others, so it can be concluded that the individual's schema of self includes other intimate people, such as relatives, who are close to the individual. The self constructed here is an interdependent self; in contrast, individuals from a Western background attach more importance to their uniqueness, emphasizing the separation of themselves from their environment. Therefore, under the western background the individual constructs the ego is the independent self. At present, the research on SRE from the cultural point of view is mainly focused on the cultural differences between the East and the West, while less on the different sub-cultural differences and biculturalism under the unified mainstream culture. In this study, Uygur individuals with a bicultural background were used as the research objects, and different cultural identities were operated by the way of text and picture priming, and the effects of identity changes on the reference effects of subjects, mothers and fathers were explored. In the first experiment, by using the native language and the way of language priming, the national identity of Uyghur individuals was activated, and the change of recognition rate of Uygur individuals under four kinds of reference processing conditions was explored. The results showed that the recognition rate of self-reference processing was significantly better than that of other conditions (mother reference processing, father reference processing, semantic processing), and the phenomenon of self-positive deviation was found. The self-construction of an individual is consistent with that of an individual from the western cultural background and is an independent self. In experiment 2, the Chinese identity of the subjects was manipulated by using pictures and national characters that could represent Chinese culture. The results showed that the recognition rate of self-reference processing and maternal reference processing were significantly higher than that of other conditions and had positive effects. The self-construction of the individual is consistent with the oriental cultural background. When the Uygur individuals have different identities, the self-construction of the Uyghur individuals is transformed from the independent self-successfully to the interdependent self-identity. The results verify the cultural frame transformation model proposed by Hong et al. In experiment 3, the dual identity of the subjects was manipulated by using two-language written materials-the Uygur as a Chinese. The results showed that the mother reference processing condition was superior to other processing conditions, the subjects had mother reference effect, but no self-reference effect, but the positive effect disappeared in experiment three.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842.3

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