金钱助人与时间助人对幸福感的影响—社会联结的调节作用

发布时间：2018-07-24 08:34

【摘要】：基于金钱和时间对幸福感的差异性影响，本研究以助人过程中付出的资源为着眼点，探索金钱助人和时间助人对幸福感产生的不同影响；同时，由于社会联结与助人行为和幸福感间均存在较强的相关性，研究中将社会联结作为助人行为对幸福感影响过程中的调节变量，探讨助人者与受助者之间形成的高社会联结是否比低社会联结更有利于提高个体幸福感，以及金钱和时间助人在社会联结的调节下，对幸福感是否存在差异性的影响。本研究采用问卷调查、访谈研究以及实验室实验的方法，得到如下研究结果：（1）金钱助人和时间助人均有利于提高个体幸福感；（2）助人过程中，助人者与受助者形成的高社会联结比低社会联结更有利于提高幸福感。当人们在助人行为的过程中，与受助者形成更多的联系时，体会到的幸福感更高。（3）社会联结的调节作用使金钱助人和时间助人对幸福感的提升存在差异。低社会联结情境下，时间助人比金钱助人更幸福。相比金钱启动个体的效用最大化思维定势，时间启动使人更情绪化、注重体验，也更有助于提高幸福感。因此在社会联结程度低，参与度低且助人结果无法得知时，时间的付出启动了人们的情绪性思维定势，让人们更感性，更注重助人过程中的情绪体验，因此比金钱助人体会到更多的幸福。高社会联结情境下，金钱助人和时间助人对幸福感不存在差异性影响。亲社会行为的目的除了活动本身，还在于寻求与他人的联结。因此，高社会联结的助人行为不仅满足助人的目标，助人者与受助者间社会联结的形成也对幸福感起到了积极作用。所以此时不论金钱还是时间助人，联结形成所满足的归属感和助人效能感都使个体的幸福体验达到最高。本研究创新之处有两点：首先将社会联结作为助人行为对幸福感影响过程中的调节变量，得出助人者与受助者之间高社会联结的形成比低社会联结更有利于提高助人幸福感；其次，将金钱助人和时间助人对幸福感的差异性影响在社会联结的调节作用下得到了验证，说明助人者与受助者形成较低的社会联结时，时间助人比金钱助人更幸福。此研究结果为个体、慈善组织甚至是全社会的助人行为，提供了科学的指导，说明只有让助人者在帮助他人的过程中感受到紧密的社会联结，才能最有效地提高其幸福感，，从而使助人行为和幸福感之间形成积极的反馈回路，促进助人行为的长久发展。
[Abstract]:Based on the difference between money and time on happiness, this study focuses on the resources paid in the process of helping others, and explores the different effects of money and time on happiness. Because there is a strong correlation between social association and helping behavior and well-being, social connection is regarded as the regulating variable in the process of influencing well-being. This paper discusses whether the high social connection formed between the helper and the recipient is more conducive to the improvement of individual happiness than the low social connection, and whether there are differences in the influence of money and time on the well-being under the regulation of social association. This study adopts the methods of questionnaire, interview and laboratory experiments, and obtains the following results: (1) money and time are helpful to improve individual happiness; (2) in the process of helping others, The high social connection between the helper and the recipient is more conducive to the improvement of happiness than the low social connection. When people form more contact with recipients in the process of helping others, they have higher sense of happiness. (3) the regulation of social connection makes the difference between money and time to improve happiness. In low social connection situations, time helps others more happily than money does. Time priming makes people more emotional, more experiential, and more helpful to improve happiness than money priming individual utility maximization thinking pattern. Therefore, when the degree of social connection is low, the participation is low and the result is not known, the pay of time starts people's emotional thinking pattern, makes people more emotional and pays more attention to the emotional experience in the process of helping others. So more happiness than money helps others. In the context of high social connection, there is no difference in the influence of money and time on happiness. The purpose of pro-social behavior is to seek association with others in addition to activity itself. Therefore, the behavior of high social connection not only satisfies the goal of helping others, but also plays a positive role in the formation of social connection between helper and recipient. Therefore, whether money or time helps others, the sense of belonging and the sense of efficacy that the union forms make the happiness experience of individual reach the highest level. There are two innovations in this study: firstly, the social connection is regarded as the regulating variable in the process of the influence of helping behavior on well-being, and it is concluded that the formation of high social connection between helper and recipient is more conducive to improving the happiness of helping people than that of low social connection; Secondly, the difference between the influence of money and time on happiness is verified by the adjustment of social connection, which shows that when the helper and the recipient form a lower social connection, the time is happier than the money. The findings provide scientific guidance to individuals, charitable organizations and even the community as a whole for helping others. It shows that only when a helper feels a close social connection in the process of helping others can he or she most effectively increase his happiness. The positive feedback loop between helping behavior and happiness can be formed, and the long-term development of helping behavior can be promoted.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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