不同负性情绪的效价易感性及其神经机制的研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 14:54

【摘要】：人类的情绪活动具有重要的生存适应性价值。它往往是个体身心适应，，包括安全、食物，以及人类在进化过程中形成的高级需求的直接指标。情绪活动对认知过程产生巨大的影响。消极的情绪状态对心理健康，社会适应及高级认知活动往往具有妨碍作用，不良情绪往往干扰正常进行的工作记忆，执行控制，推理和决策等高级认知活动，降低工作效率。已有大量研究表明，相比正性刺激，人类对负性刺激的效价强度更敏感。那么，不同种类的负性情绪是否都具有效价易感性？大脑对这些情绪的效价易感性表达上具有怎样的特点？这些问题对人类情绪强度变化的研究具有重要的意义。本研究从行为学、认知心理学、电生理学等不同层面，利用高时间分辨率的事件相关电位技术，以情绪维度理论为基础，以负性情绪中与威胁进化论密切相关的厌恶情绪为代表，探讨不同负性情绪的效价易感性的特异性及其神经机制，是对负性情绪效价易感性的验证性支持和进一步完善，为情绪负性偏向提供基本情绪维度上的支持和探索。研究的主要结果发现：预实验发现，负性情绪在其基本情绪维上没有明确的清晰区分，多种情绪的相互依赖性和干扰性较大；ERP实验结果发现，厌恶情绪的效价易感性在P2和LPC阶段，极度厌恶刺激所诱发的波峰显著性大于中度厌恶和中性刺激[P2: F(2,13)=9.170, p=0.003, η2=0.58; LPC:F(2,13)=6.716, p0.01,η2=0.379]]；对于恐惧情绪图片，P2阶段的中度恐惧所诱发的大脑波形显著性大于中性图片[F(2,13)=5.573, p=0.018, η2=0.46]；N2阶段的中度恐惧所诱发的波峰值显著性大于中性图片所诱发的波峰值[F(2,13)=5.863，p=0.015，η2=0.47]。研究结论为：（1）负性情绪的场景刺激在基本情绪的表达中具有多样性和复杂性，并受到被试不同文化背景和主观认知差异的影响。（2）人们对厌恶刺激的效价易感性主要表现在早期的注意阶段和晚期的记忆整合阶段；（3）人们对恐惧的刺激的效价易感性主要表现在早期的注意阶段，同时超限抑制会减弱大脑对极度恐惧刺激的反应。
[Abstract]:Human emotional activities have important adaptive value for survival. It is often a direct indicator of individual physical and mental adaptation, including safety, food, and the advanced needs of human evolution. Emotional activity has a great influence on cognitive process. Negative emotional state often hinders mental health, social adaptation and high-level cognitive activities, and bad emotions often interfere with normal working memory, executive control, reasoning and decision-making, and reduce work efficiency. A large number of studies have shown that humans are more sensitive to the titer of negative stimuli than positive stimuli. So, are all different types of negative emotions susceptible to titer? What are the characteristics of the brain's susceptibility to these emotions? These problems are of great significance to the study of the change of human emotional intensity. This study is based on the theory of emotional dimension, using the event-related potential technology of high time resolution from different aspects of behavioral science, cognitive psychology, electrophysiology and so on. With negative emotions closely related to the threat evolution theory of aversion as the representative, to explore the specificity of different negative emotions titer susceptibility and its neural mechanism is to verify the negative emotional susceptibility to support and further improve. To provide the basic emotional dimension support and exploration for negative emotional bias. The main results of the study are as follows: Pre-experiment found that negative emotions are not clearly distinguished in their basic emotional dimensions, and that the interdependence and interference of many emotions are greater than that of ERP experiments. In P2 and LPC stage, the peak induced by extreme aversion stimulation was significantly higher than that induced by moderate aversion and neutral stimulation [P _ 2: F _ (2C13) 9.170, p _ (0.003), 畏 _ (20.58); LPC:F (~ (2) ~ (13) ~ (6.716), p _ (0.01), 畏 _ (20.379)]. The brain waveform induced by moderate fear in P2 stage was significantly higher than that in neutral image [F (2C13) 5.573, p0. 018, 畏 2 + 0. 46]. The peak value of moderate fear in N2 stage was significantly higher than that in neutral image [F (213) 5.863p0. 015, 畏 2 0. 47]. The conclusions are as follows: (1) scene stimuli of negative emotions have diversity and complexity in the expression of basic emotions. They were influenced by different cultural backgrounds and subjective cognitive differences. (2) the titer susceptibility of people to aversion stimuli was mainly manifested in the early attention stage and the late memory integration stage; (3) the titer susceptibility of people to fear stimuli is mainly at the early stage of attention, and the inhibition of excessive inhibition weakens the brain response to extreme fear stimuli.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.6

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