大学生羞怯、负性自动思维、情绪调节与内化问题的关系

发布时间：2018-07-27 21:44

【摘要】：目前,国内外的大学生心理疾病患病率普遍较高,且逐年在上升(金雯,2014),其中,抑郁、焦虑、孤独等内化问题在如今的大学校园中尤为普遍,这些内化问题对大学生的学校适应和社会适应的消极影响正越来越凸显出来,因此本研究将抑郁、焦虑和孤独这三种负性情绪作为测量大学生内化问题的指标。在众多导致内化问题的原因中,既有外部因素,如家庭教养方式、应激事件、学业压力等;也有内部因素,如人格方面(内外向、神经质、羞怯等)和认知方面(负性认知态度、低自尊等)。其中,羞怯是影响大学生内化问题一个很重要的因素,相比其他国家的学生,中国大学生的羞怯体验更加普遍。适度的羞怯并没有什么损害,反而会被认为谦逊、不张扬等良好品质,但过度的羞怯则会对个体带来一系列心理问题,诸如引发社交焦虑、抑郁、孤独等内化问题,以及网络依赖、吸烟酗酒等外在行为问题。在羞怯导致内化问题的过程中,消极的认知模式和情绪调节策略在其中扮演了一个很关键的角色。因此,本研究以中国大学生作为对象,考察了羞怯与内化问题之间的关系,并从认知角度即负性自动思维和情绪调节策略两方面来探讨其在羞怯与内化问题之间的影响机制。本研究采用了王倩倩修订的Henderson《大学生羞怯量表》,包含对拒绝的恐惧、自责、表达的自我限制、寻求赞成四个维度;Hollon和Kendall(1980)设计的《自动思维问卷》,以及流调中心用《抑郁自评量表》(SDS)、《焦虑自评量表》(SAS)、《孤独量表》(UCLA)和王力编制的《情绪调节量表》,包含表达抑制和认知重评两个维度,对两所大学的897名大学生进行了问卷调查,主要研究结论如下:1.大学生在羞怯水平上处于中等水平,在抑郁和焦虑、孤独程度上处于偏低水平;羞怯大学生的抑郁、焦虑和孤独水平要高于非羞怯大学生。2.羞怯在性别上有显著差异,女大学生的羞怯水平要高于男大学生,羞怯在年级上无显著差异。抑郁和焦虑在性别上均无显著差异,在年级上有显著差异,大一的抑郁水平显著低于大二、大三和大四,大一的焦虑水平显著低于大三和大四。孤独在性别和年级上均不存在显著差异。3.羞怯与负性自动思维、内化问题(抑郁、焦虑、孤独)均呈显著正相关;负性自动思维与抑郁、焦虑、孤独均呈显著正相关;抑郁、焦虑和孤独两两之间呈显著正相关;认知重评与羞怯相关不显著,与负性自动思维、内化问题(抑郁、焦虑、孤独)呈显著正相关;表达抑制与羞怯、负性自动思维、抑郁、焦虑、孤独呈显著正相关。4.羞怯能有效地预测内化问题,且羞怯对内化问题的影响既有直接作用又有间接作用,负性自动思维和表达抑制、认知重评在羞怯与内化问题之间起多重中介作用。
[Abstract]:At present, the prevalence of mental illness among college students at home and abroad is generally high, and it is rising year by year (Jin Wenwei 2014). Among them, depression, anxiety, loneliness and other internalization problems are particularly common in today's university campuses. The negative effects of these internalization problems on college students' school adaptation and social adaptation are becoming more and more prominent. Therefore, three negative emotions, depression, anxiety and loneliness, are taken as indicators to measure the internalization problems of college students. Among the many causes of internalization problems, there are not only external factors, such as family rearing style, stress events, academic stress and so on, but also internal factors, such as personality (introversion, neuroticism, etc.) Shyness, etc.) and cognitive aspects (negative cognitive attitudes, low self-esteem, etc.) Among them, shyness is a very important factor affecting the internalization of college students, and the shyness experience of Chinese college students is more common than that of other countries. Moderate shyness is not harmful, but is considered to be a good quality of modesty and invisibility, but excessive shyness can lead to a series of psychological problems, such as social anxiety, depression, loneliness and so on. And network dependence, smoking and drinking and other external behavior problems. In the process of internalization caused by shyness, negative cognitive patterns and emotion regulation strategies play a key role. Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship between shyness and internalization, and explores the mechanism of its influence between shyness and internalization from the cognitive perspective, i.e. negative automatic thinking and emotion regulation strategies. In this study, Wang Qianqian's revised Henderson scale for shyness of College students was used, which included fear of rejection, self-reproach and self-restriction of expression. To seek support for the Automated thinking questionnaire designed by four dimensions Hollon and Kendall (1980), and the Self-rating Depression scale > (SDS), < anxiety Self-Rating scale > (SAS), < Lonely scale > (UCLA) and Wang Li developed by the Center for flow Adjustment, including expression inhibition and mood Regulation scale. Cognitive reassessment of two dimensions, A questionnaire survey was conducted among 897 college students from two universities. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The degree of depression, anxiety and loneliness of shy college students is higher than that of non-shy college students. The shyness level of female college students was higher than that of male students, but shyness had no significant difference in grade. The level of depression in freshman was significantly lower than that in sophomore, junior and senior, and the anxiety level in freshman was significantly lower than that in junior and senior. Loneliness has no significant difference in gender and grade. There was a significant positive correlation between shyness and negative automatic thinking, internalized problems (depression, anxiety, loneliness), negative automatic thinking and depression, anxiety, loneliness, depression, anxiety and loneliness. Cognitive reassessment was not significantly correlated with shyness, but positively correlated with negative automatic thinking, internalized problems (depression, anxiety, loneliness), expression inhibition and shyness, negative automatic thinking, depression, anxiety and loneliness. Shyness can effectively predict the problem of internalization, and the influence of shyness on the problem of internalization has both direct and indirect effects, negative automatic thinking and expression inhibition, and cognitive reevaluation plays a multiple intermediary role between shyness and internalization.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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