时间压力和情绪对决策图形框架效应的影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 11:58

【摘要】：目的1.验证对相同信息使用不同图形表征呈现时是否会使被试出现违背描述不变性的决策偏差,即是否存在图形框架效应。2.引入时间压力变量,探讨其与图形版本对决策的影响关系,即时间压力是否对图形框架效应具有影响。3.同时引入时间压力和情绪两个变量,探讨两者与图形版本之间的关系,即时间压力和情绪是否对图形框架效应具有影响。方法本研究先通过两个预实验分别确定时间压力的限制值和情绪启动材料的有效性,然后采用2(时间压力:有,无)X2(图形版本:图形版本一,图形版本二)被试间设计作为正式实验一,探讨时间压力与图形版本对决策偏好的影响;采用2(时间压力:有,无)X2(情绪状态:正性情绪,负性情绪)X2(图形版本:图形版本一,图形版本二)被试间设计作为正式实验二,对时间压力和情绪两因素与图形版本对决策偏好的影响进行实验研究。本实验研究的因变量为被试对问题方案选项(品牌)的偏好分数。被试在某师范院校实施课后自愿招募的形式获得,并使用计算机中心统一配置的计算机对被试施测。问卷材料采用图形框架效应提出者孙彦在其研究中所使用的MP3购买决策问题和疫苗注射决策问题,在计算机E-prime 2.0软件上呈现问卷及指导语。时间压力的限制值经过预实验测定:被试在无时间压力条件下完成问卷的平均时间减去一个标准差作为时间压力的限制值。情绪启动材料经预实验证明有效:将两段视频材料分别作为正性情绪和负性情绪启动材料被试播放,并使用情绪自评量表《正性负性情绪量表PANAS》对被试施测后证明材料启动情绪的有效性。结果1.在正式实验一和实验二中,图形版本的主效应具有显著性。在正式实验一中,MP3购买决策问题图形版本的主效应显著F=6.82,p=0.010,疫苗注射决策问题图形版本的主效应显著F=19.74,p=0.000;正式实验二中,MP3购买决策问题图形版本的主效应显著F=9.09,p=0.003;疫苗注射决策问题图形版本的主效应显著F=17.81,p=0.000。2.在正式实验二中,情绪的主效应具有显著性。其中MP3购买决策问题F=20.43,p=0.000,疫苗注射决策问题F=7.19,p=0.008。3.正式实验一及实验二中,MP3购买决策问题的图形版本和时间压力的交互作用具有显著性。正式实验一中F=66,p=0.033;正式实验二中F=8.67,p=0.004。但是在疫苗注射决策问题中时间压力和图形版本的交互效应不显著,正式实验一中F=0.45,p=0.505;正式实验二中F=1.08,p=0.300。4.正式实验二中,疫苗注射决策问题的图形版本和情绪的交互作用具有显著性F= 4.15,p=0.043,但是在MP3购买决策问题中未发现此交互作用具有显著性F=0.00,p=0.993。结论1.对完全相同文字信息使用不同的图形版本呈现时,被试决策的选择偏好具有差异,即证实存在图形框架效应。2.对于MP3购买决策问题,图形版本和时间压力的交互作用具有显著性,证明了图形框架效应是一个精细化加工的过程,并且图形编辑的齐当别模型GEM得到验证。3.决策时被试的情绪状态会影响到对风险的偏好程度。在疫苗注射决策问题中,处于不同的情绪状态的被试的决策偏好会受到呈现图形表征版本的影响。4.对于时间压力和情绪是否会影响框架效应,取决于决策问题的情境。不同的情境差异会产生不同的结论。
[Abstract]:Objective 1. to verify whether there is a decision bias against the description invariance when using the different graphical representation of the same information, that is, whether there is a graphical framework effect.2. introducing the time pressure variable and explore the influence of the graphic version on the decision making, that is, whether the time pressure affects.3. at the same time as the graphical framework effect. The relationship between the time pressure and the emotion two variables, the relationship between the two and the graphic version, that is, whether the time pressure and the emotion have influence on the graphic framework effect. Method this study first determined the limit value of the time pressure and the effectiveness of the emotional starting material by two pre experiments, and then adopted the 2 (time pressure: there is no) X2 (Figure). Version 1: Version 1, graphic version two) a trial design as a formal experiment to explore the effect of time pressure and graphic version on decision preference; use 2 (time pressure: there is no) X2 (emotional state: positive emotion, negative emotion) X2 (graphic version: figure version one, graphic version two) as formal experiment two, time The two factors of stress and emotion and the influence of graphic version on decision preference are studied experimentally. The material adopts the MP3 purchase decision problem and the vaccine injection decision problem used by Sun Yan in his research, and presents a questionnaire and guidance on the computer E-prime 2 software. The limit value of the time pressure is measured by pre test: the average time of the test is subtracted from the time pressure bar and the average time of the questionnaire is reduced by one standard. The quasi difference is the limit value of the time pressure. The emotional starting material is proved to be effective by pre experiment: the two video materials are played as positive emotion and negative emotion starting material respectively, and the validity of the starting emotion of the material after the test is tested by the positive negative emotional scale PANAS>, and the result 1. is formally real. In the first and second experiment two, the main effect of the graphical version is significant. In the formal experiment one, the main effect of the graphical version of the MP3 purchase decision problem is significant F=6.82, p=0.010, the main effect of the graphical version of the vaccine injection decision problem is significant F=19.74, p=0.000; the main effect of the graphical version of the MP3 purchase decision problem is significant F=9.09, p= 0.003, the main effect of the graphical version of the vaccine injection decision problem is significant F=17.81, and the main effect of p=0.000.2. in the formal experiment II is significant. Among them, the MP3 purchase decision problem F=20.43, p=0.000, the vaccine injection decision problem F=7.19, the p=0.008.3. formal experiment one and the experiment two, the graphical version and time pressure of the MP3 purchase decision problem The interaction of force is significant. F=66, p=0.033, F=8.67, p=0.004. in formal experiment II, p=0.004. but there is no significant interaction effect between time pressure and graphic version in vaccine injection decision problem, F=0.45, p=0.505 in formal experiment 1, F=1.08 in formal experiment 2, formal experiment II of p=0.300.4., vaccine injection decision problem The interaction of graphic version and emotion is significant F= 4.15, p=0.043, but there is no significant F=0.00 in the MP3 purchase decision problem. When p=0.993. conclusion 1. presents different graphical versions of the same text information, the choice preference of the trial decision is different, that is to prove the existence of the graphical framework. The interaction between the graphical version and the time pressure is significant in response to.2.'s purchase decision on MP3. It proves that the graphical framework effect is a process of fine processing, and the emotional state of the tested.3. decision of the graphic editor GEM will affect the degree of preference to the risk. In the subject, the decision preference of the subjects in different emotional states will be influenced by the impact of.4. on the effect of time pressure and emotion on the framework effect, depending on the situation of decision problems. Different situational differences will produce different conclusions.
【学位授予单位】：山西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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