不同年龄阶段老年人的幸福感、心理压力与心理弹性研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 16:54

【摘要】：目的探讨不同年龄阶段老年人的幸福感、心理压力与心理弹性。方法采用整群取样的方法,以人脸量表、知觉压力量表和心理弹性量表对某社区622名60岁以上的老年人进行调查研究。结果老年人的幸福感随年龄增加呈现动态变化,表现为60~岁组老年人幸福感最高,65~岁组开始下降,70~岁组老年人幸福感最低,此后一直维持在较低的水平。80~岁组老年人的心理压力最低,与其他年龄组相比有统计学差异。60~岁组和65~岁组老年人的心理弹性得分显著高于80~岁组和85岁及以上组。配偶健在、身体健康状况很好和较好及收入状况好的老年人幸福感水平更高。离异者的心理压力最大,收入状况较好者的心理弹性更高。年龄、婚姻状况、收入、身体健康状况和心理弹性与幸福感显著相关,且心理弹性具有最大效应值。年龄、收入、身体健康状况和心理压力与心理弹性显著相关,心理压力具有较大效应值。婚姻状况、身体健康状况和心理弹性是幸福感的预测因子;性别、身体健康状况和心理压力是心理弹性的预测因子。结论老年人的幸福感随年龄增加而降低,高心理弹性者幸福感高,心理压力和身体健康状况通过降低心理弹性影响老年人的幸福感。
[Abstract]:Objective to explore the happiness, stress and resilience of the elderly at different ages. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to investigate 622 elderly people over 60 years old in a community with face scale, perceptual stress scale and psychological elasticity scale. Results the happiness of the elderly showed a dynamic change with the increase of age, which showed that the happiness of the 60 ~ year-old group was the highest, and that of the 65-year-old group began to decrease, and that of the 70 ~ year-old group was the lowest. Since then, the psychological stress was the lowest in the group of 80 ~ years old, and the scores of psychological elasticity in the group of 60 ~ and 65 ~ years old were significantly higher than those of the group of 80 ~ and 85 years and above, compared with other age groups, the scores of psychological elasticity of the aged group were significantly higher than those of the group of 80 ~ years old and the group of 85 years old and above. Older people with healthy spouses, good health and good income had higher levels of well-being. The divorced had the greatest psychological pressure and the better income had higher psychological resilience. Age, marital status, income, physical health, and mental resilience were significantly correlated with well-being, and resilience had the greatest effect. Age, income, physical health and psychological stress were significantly correlated with psychological elasticity. Marital status, physical health and psychological elasticity are predictors of happiness, while gender, physical health and psychological stress are predictors of psychological elasticity. Conclusion the well-being of the elderly decreases with the increase of age, and the well-being of the elderly with high psychological elasticity is higher. Psychological stress and physical health affect the well-being of the elderly by reducing their psychological elasticity.
【作者单位】：山东大学基础医学院医学心理学与伦理学系;山东大学体育学院;山东大学公共卫生学院;
【基金】：科技部基础性工作专项(2015FY111600)
【分类号】：B844.4

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