表述方式对时距估计中的锚定效应的影响

发布时间：2018-07-31 20:05

【摘要】：锚定效应指先前出现的无关数字(锚定值)对后续数值估计的影响。锚定值在短时记忆中会以怎样的形式进行表征?锚定效应是基于语义启动还是数字启动?对此,以往研究认为锚定值是以绝对值加上附件的形式进行表征而非语义。但最近有研究者得出不一致的结果,发现时距估计中的锚定值是基于语义进行表征的。他们的研究把非习俗单位作为研究对象,且没有对这一问题做更深入的探讨。因此,本研究以习俗单位时间作为研究对象,探讨锚定值表述方式、问题表述方式对时距估计中的锚定效应的影响。研究一在不同锚定范式下检验锚定值表述方式对fB距估计的影响。实验1和实验2分别在两种锚定范式下,各要求32名和34名被试在4种锚定值条件下(1分钟、60秒、1小时、60分钟)估计视觉呈现事件的持续时间。两种锚定范式下得到的结果一致:(1)语义相同表述方式不同的锚定值(如1分钟、60秒)产生的估计值有显著差异,绝对值大的锚定值产生的时距估计值要显著大于绝对值小的锚定值;(2)绝对值相同语义不同的锚定值(如1分钟、1小时)产生的时距估计值没有差异。研究二在听觉通道下检验时距估计中的锚定效应。实验3要求32名被试在两种锚定值条件下(1分钟、60秒)估计目标听觉刺激的持续时间。结果同样发现:在听觉通道下的时距估计也会受到锚定效应的影响;尽管两种锚定值语义相同,绝对值大的锚定值产生的时距估计值要显著大于绝对值小的锚定值。研究三检验问题的表述方式对时距估计中的锚定效应的影响。实验4要求32名被试基于不同的问题单位(分钟,秒)对不同大小锚定值(1分钟,60秒)条件下的目标fB距进行估计。结果发现:(1)问题基于大单位表述所产生的时距估计值要大于基于小单位表述的估计值;(2)在大单位问题表述下的锚定偏差(大小锚定值下的估值差)要显著大于小单位问题表述下的锚定偏差综上,我们认为(1)在两种外部锚锚定范式下,锚定值表述方式都会影响时距估计,锚定值以表层表征方式表征,锚定效应基于数字启动。(2)在听觉通道下的时距估计也会受到锚定效应的影响,锚定值表述方式也依然会对时距估计产生影响。(3)问题的表述方式会对时距估计中的锚定效应产生影响,问题基于大单位表述产生的时距估计值要大于基于小单位表述的估计值;在大单位问题表述下产生的锚定偏差要显著大于小单位问题表述下的锚定偏差。
[Abstract]:Anchorage effect refers to the influence of previous unrelated numbers (anchoring values) on subsequent numerical estimates. How can anchoring values be represented in short-term memory? Is the anchoring effect based on semantic priming or digital priming? Previous studies have suggested that anchoring values are represented by absolute values plus attachments rather than semantics. However, some researchers have recently obtained inconsistent results and found that the anchor values in time interval estimation are represented based on semantics. Their research focused on non-customary units and did not explore the issue in greater depth. Therefore, this study takes customary unit time as the research object, and discusses the effect of anchor value expression and problem expression on anchoring effect in time interval estimation. In this paper, we examine the influence of anchor values on fB distance estimation in different anchoring paradigms. In experiment 1 and experiment 2, 32 and 34 subjects were asked to estimate the duration of visual presentation events under four anchoring conditions (1 minute, 60 seconds, 1 hour and 60 minutes), respectively, under two anchoring paradigms. The results obtained under the two kinds of anchoring paradigms are consistent: (1) there are significant differences in the estimated values produced by different semantic expressions (such as 1 minute, 60 seconds). When the absolute value is large, the time interval estimation is significantly larger than the anchor value with small absolute value, and (2) there is no difference in the time interval estimation between the anchoring values with the same absolute value with the same semantics (for example, 1 minute / 1 hour). In this paper, we study the anchoring effect of test time distance estimation in auditory channel. In experiment 3, 32 subjects were asked to estimate the duration of the target auditory stimulation under two anchoring conditions (1 minute, 60 seconds). The results also show that the time interval estimation under the auditory channel is also affected by the anchoring effect, although the two anchoring values have the same semantics, the time interval estimation of the anchor value with large absolute value is significantly larger than that of the anchor value with small absolute value. The effect of the expression of the three-test problem on the anchoring effect in time interval estimation is studied. In experiment 4, 32 subjects were asked to estimate the target fB distance under different size anchoring values (1 minute, 60 seconds) based on different question units (minutes, seconds). The results show that: (1) the estimated time interval of the problem based on the large unit representation is larger than that based on the small unit representation; (2) the anchoring deviation (the estimation difference under the size of the anchor value) under the large unit problem formulation is significantly larger than that of the small one. The Anchorage deviation under the unit problem expression is summarized, We think that (1) under two kinds of external anchor paradigms, the expression of anchor value will affect the estimation of time distance, and the anchor value is represented by surface representation. The anchoring effect is based on digital priming. (2) the time interval estimation in the auditory channel is also affected by the anchoring effect. (3) the expression of the problem will affect the anchoring effect in the time interval estimation, and the time interval estimated value based on the large unit representation is larger than that based on the small unit representation. The anchoring deviation under the large unit problem formulation is significantly larger than that under the small unit problem representation.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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