不同人际关系取向下权力对利他行为的作用
发布时间：2018-08-09 17:22
【摘要】：研究通过两个实验,探究了权力对利他行为的影响机制。实验1从两个调查网站征集了180名被试,将被试随机分为两组,首先对被试进行了人际关系取向的调查,再对两组被试分别启动高、低权力感,最后让被试在独裁者博弈中做出利益分配的决策,被试给出的数额可以反映被试利他行为的程度。实验2将实验1中独裁者博弈的分配总额从5000降为20,使用江苏某高校的74名本科生作为被试,重复实验1的实验过程,同样用被试给出的数额反应被试的利他行为。两实验结果显示： (1)权力感主效应显著,高权力被试在独裁者博弈中给搭档分配较少的金额数,低权力被试分配给搭档较多的金额数。 (2)人际关系取向主效应显著,共享组在独裁者博弈中分配给搭档较多的金额数,而交易组在独裁者博弈中,分配给搭档较少的金额数。 (3)权力感与人际关系取向交互效应显著,独裁者博弈任务中,高权力情境下,共享组与交易组分配给搭档金额无显著差异,且分配给搭档金额数目都较少；低权力情境下,只有共享组分配给搭档的金额数较多,交易组分配给搭档的金额数较少。 (4)当利益变小时,即独裁者博弈任务中的金额数从5000变为20时,四组间被试分配给搭档的金额数目不存在显著差异。研究结论： (1)高权力会抑制被试的利他行为,低权力情境下被试会表现出更多的利他行为。 (2)人际关系取向会影响被试的利他行为,共享者会比交易者表现出更多的利他行为。 (3)在高权力感的情境下,无论个体是共享类型还是交易类型,都较少地表现出利他行为,即即便是共享取向的个体,当其拥有高权力感或者居于有权力地位时,都可能较少地表现出对他人的关心、更不容易产生对弱者的帮助。对低权力者而言,并非所有处于社会底层的人都会产生利他行为,而只有同时具有共享关系取向的人才可能更乐于产生助人行为。 (4)权力与人际关系取向对利他行为的作用受到涉及利益大小的影响。
[Abstract]:Through two experiments, the study explores the influence mechanism of power on altruistic behavior. In experiment 1, 180 subjects were collected from two survey websites, and were randomly divided into two groups. First, the interpersonal relationship orientation of the subjects was investigated, and then the high and low sense of power were started for the two groups. Finally, the subjects are asked to make a decision on the distribution of benefits in the dictatorial game, and the amount given by the subjects can reflect the degree of altruistic behavior of the subjects. In experiment 2, the total distribution of dictatorial game in experiment 1 was reduced from 5000 to 20. 74 undergraduates of a university in Jiangsu province were used as subjects. The experiment process of experiment 1 was repeated, and the altruistic behavior of the subjects was also reflected by the amount given by the subjects. The results of the two experiments show that: (1) the power sense effect is significant, and the high-power subjects allocate less amount of money to their partners in the dictatorial game. (2) the dominant effect of interpersonal orientation was significant, the share group assigned more amount to the partner in the dictatorial game, while the trading group was in the dictatorial game. (3) there was significant interaction between the sense of power and the orientation of interpersonal relationship, but there was no significant difference between the shared group and the trading group in the situation of high power in the dictators' game task, and there was no significant difference in the amount of money assigned to the partner between the shared group and the trading group under the situation of high power. In the low power situation, only the shared group was allocated more amount to the partner, and the transaction group allocated less amount to the partner. (4) when the benefits become small, the amount of money allocated to the partner is less. (4) when the benefit becomes small, the amount of money allocated to the partner is less. (4) when the benefit becomes small, That is, the amount of money in the dictator's game task changed from 5000 to 20:00, and there was no significant difference in the amount of money assigned to the partner among the four groups. The results showed that: (1) High power inhibited the altruistic behavior of the subjects, and the subjects showed more altruistic behaviors in the low power situation. (2) interpersonal relationship orientation affected the altruistic behavior of the subjects. Sharers show more altruistic behavior than traders. (3) in situations of high sense of power, individuals, regardless of whether they are sharing or trading types, exhibit less altruistic behavior, that is, even those with a shared orientation. When they have a high sense of power or a position of power, they may show less concern for others and less likely to help the weak. For the low-power, not all people at the bottom of the society have altruistic behavior. Only those with shared relationship orientation may be more willing to produce helpful behavior. (4) the influence of power and interpersonal orientation on altruistic behavior is affected by the magnitude of interest involved.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848
本文编号：2174782
[Abstract]:Through two experiments, the study explores the influence mechanism of power on altruistic behavior. In experiment 1, 180 subjects were collected from two survey websites, and were randomly divided into two groups. First, the interpersonal relationship orientation of the subjects was investigated, and then the high and low sense of power were started for the two groups. Finally, the subjects are asked to make a decision on the distribution of benefits in the dictatorial game, and the amount given by the subjects can reflect the degree of altruistic behavior of the subjects. In experiment 2, the total distribution of dictatorial game in experiment 1 was reduced from 5000 to 20. 74 undergraduates of a university in Jiangsu province were used as subjects. The experiment process of experiment 1 was repeated, and the altruistic behavior of the subjects was also reflected by the amount given by the subjects. The results of the two experiments show that: (1) the power sense effect is significant, and the high-power subjects allocate less amount of money to their partners in the dictatorial game. (2) the dominant effect of interpersonal orientation was significant, the share group assigned more amount to the partner in the dictatorial game, while the trading group was in the dictatorial game. (3) there was significant interaction between the sense of power and the orientation of interpersonal relationship, but there was no significant difference between the shared group and the trading group in the situation of high power in the dictators' game task, and there was no significant difference in the amount of money assigned to the partner between the shared group and the trading group under the situation of high power. In the low power situation, only the shared group was allocated more amount to the partner, and the transaction group allocated less amount to the partner. (4) when the benefits become small, the amount of money allocated to the partner is less. (4) when the benefit becomes small, the amount of money allocated to the partner is less. (4) when the benefit becomes small, That is, the amount of money in the dictator's game task changed from 5000 to 20:00, and there was no significant difference in the amount of money assigned to the partner among the four groups. The results showed that: (1) High power inhibited the altruistic behavior of the subjects, and the subjects showed more altruistic behaviors in the low power situation. (2) interpersonal relationship orientation affected the altruistic behavior of the subjects. Sharers show more altruistic behavior than traders. (3) in situations of high sense of power, individuals, regardless of whether they are sharing or trading types, exhibit less altruistic behavior, that is, even those with a shared orientation. When they have a high sense of power or a position of power, they may show less concern for others and less likely to help the weak. For the low-power, not all people at the bottom of the society have altruistic behavior. Only those with shared relationship orientation may be more willing to produce helpful behavior. (4) the influence of power and interpersonal orientation on altruistic behavior is affected by the magnitude of interest involved.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848
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相关期刊论文 前4条
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