工作记忆负荷对层级表征任务转换的影响
发布时间：2018-09-01 09:38
【摘要】：具有目标导向的灵活性行为通常需要较高的认知控制起作用。在此类灵活性研究中,通常采用维斯卡星卡片分类任务或转换任务范式。转换任务实质上是对两种任务或多种任务交替进行加工执行,这种加工过程涉及对当前任务无关信息的抑制以及对相关信息的激活。而这种激活和抑制的过程正是对工作记忆进行研究的背景。但是对任务转换和工作记忆之间关系的研究结论并不一致,所以有必要更深入地探究工作记忆与任务转换之间的关系。本研究同时采用工作记忆再认任务和层级转换任务,对两者的关系进行探究。因为工作记忆和层级转换共同从属于执行功能,将两种任务结合一方面可以更好的了解层级转换的本质过程,另一方面也可深入探究工作记忆负荷对层级转换的影响。首先预实验采用线索任务转换范式,通过指导语使线索特征的三个维度依次为较高层级,结果证实被试确实可根据不同的指导语形成相应的层级。研究1在预实验的基础上,采用双任务范式,使被试同时进行层级转换任务和不同记忆负荷下的数字再认任务,结果在转换任务和再认任务上均发现了层级和工作记忆负荷的交互效应。研究2在研究1的基础上,将线索由呈现800 ms后消失改为由被试按键后消失(被试在提取出线索所代表的名称后按空格键),然后同研究1一样进行层级转换任务和工作记忆再认任务。结果发现被试在提取线索的反应时上层级主效应显著,任务负荷的主效应及任务负荷与层级的交互效应不显著。高层级转换条件下的反应时显著长于低层级转换和重复条件。在层级转换任务中发现了层级和工作记忆负荷的主效应,未发现两者的交互效应。在工作记忆再认任务中也发现了层级和工作记忆负荷的交互效应。由此可知工作记忆负荷对层级表征任务线索的提取没有影响,但对任务执行有影响。这种影响具体表现为:(1)层级任务的执行在工作记忆负荷恰好达到容量最大限制时,表现出最大的层级效应。(2)较高层级相对于较低层级而言,对工作记忆再认任务产生更大的损耗。这表明了任务转换的执行需要工作记忆的参与,适度的额外的工作记忆负荷可以帮助层级信息的维持。
[Abstract]:Target-oriented flexible behavior usually requires higher cognitive control. In this kind of flexible research, Viskacin card sorting task or switching task paradigm is usually used. The switching task is essentially the alternation of two or more tasks, which involves no trust in the current task. This process of activation and inhibition is the background of the study of working memory. However, the research results on the relationship between task switching and working memory are inconsistent, so it is necessary to explore the relationship between working memory and task switching in depth. Because working memory and hierarchical transformation are both subordinate to executive function, the combination of the two tasks can not only better understand the essential process of hierarchical transformation, but also explore the effect of working memory load on hierarchical transformation. Using cue task-switching paradigm, the three dimensions of cue features were ordered to a higher level by the instructions. The results confirmed that the subjects could form corresponding levels according to different instructions. Study 1, based on the pre-experiment, adopted the dual-task paradigm, enabling the subjects to perform the level-switching task at the same time and the number under different memory loads. In study 2, on the basis of study 1, the cues disappeared after 800 ms and disappeared after the subjects pressed the space bar after extracting the name represented by the cues, and then went through the hierarchical transformation as in study 1. The results showed that the main effect of task load and the interaction between task load and hierarchy were not significant. The response time of high-level conversion was significantly longer than that of low-level conversion and repetition. The main effect of working memory load was not found. The interaction effect of hierarchical and working memory load was also found in the recognition task of working memory. Task execution shows the greatest hierarchical effect when the working memory load just reaches the maximum capacity limit. (2) The higher level produces greater loss to the working memory recognition task than the lower level. This indicates that task switching requires the participation of working memory, and moderate additional working memory load can help. Maintenance of hierarchical information.
【学位授予单位】：闽南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3
本文编号：2216798
[Abstract]:Target-oriented flexible behavior usually requires higher cognitive control. In this kind of flexible research, Viskacin card sorting task or switching task paradigm is usually used. The switching task is essentially the alternation of two or more tasks, which involves no trust in the current task. This process of activation and inhibition is the background of the study of working memory. However, the research results on the relationship between task switching and working memory are inconsistent, so it is necessary to explore the relationship between working memory and task switching in depth. Because working memory and hierarchical transformation are both subordinate to executive function, the combination of the two tasks can not only better understand the essential process of hierarchical transformation, but also explore the effect of working memory load on hierarchical transformation. Using cue task-switching paradigm, the three dimensions of cue features were ordered to a higher level by the instructions. The results confirmed that the subjects could form corresponding levels according to different instructions. Study 1, based on the pre-experiment, adopted the dual-task paradigm, enabling the subjects to perform the level-switching task at the same time and the number under different memory loads. In study 2, on the basis of study 1, the cues disappeared after 800 ms and disappeared after the subjects pressed the space bar after extracting the name represented by the cues, and then went through the hierarchical transformation as in study 1. The results showed that the main effect of task load and the interaction between task load and hierarchy were not significant. The response time of high-level conversion was significantly longer than that of low-level conversion and repetition. The main effect of working memory load was not found. The interaction effect of hierarchical and working memory load was also found in the recognition task of working memory. Task execution shows the greatest hierarchical effect when the working memory load just reaches the maximum capacity limit. (2) The higher level produces greater loss to the working memory recognition task than the lower level. This indicates that task switching requires the participation of working memory, and moderate additional working memory load can help. Maintenance of hierarchical information.
【学位授予单位】：闽南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
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2 李美华,白学军;执行功能中认知灵活性发展的研究进展[J];心理学探新;2005年02期
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