工作记忆表征类型对注意捕获的影响

发布时间：2018-10-12 10:13

【摘要】：注意会偏向与工作记忆内容匹配的刺激,但研究者们在基于工作记忆的注意捕获这种自动引导的问题上仍存在争议,原因有很多,一方面没有完全排除被试对分心物本身特征属性以及任务水平上的注意偏向;另一方面是工作记忆内容的类别没有划分的特别清晰,导致研究者们对比参照不一致。本研究则通过对前人文献的综述,澄清工作记忆的表征类型,旨在同一种反应竞争范式中直接检验并比较工作记忆的表征类型对注意捕获效应的影响,进一步揭示选择性注意的机制。包括两个实验:实验1,要求被试完成一个视觉搜索任务,证明高知觉负载条件下的分心物不会得到注意的假设,为实验2提供可能;实验2,一共有三组被试,分别完成知觉、直接语义和间接语义这三种工作记忆任务,并在保持工作记忆的期间再执行一个视觉搜索任务,其中的分心物与工作记忆匹配或者不匹配,这两种条件下的反应时差异即为注意捕获的大小。结果发现,工作记忆的间接语义表征同样可以自动引起注意捕获,但是注意捕获效应要显著小于知觉表征条件和直接语义表征条件下产生的注意捕获效应,然而,知觉表征和直接语义表征对注意的引导能力差异不显著。结论如下,即使没有任何特征属性或任务水平的干扰变量使注意偏向分心物,但只要它与工作记忆匹配,就足以引起注意捕获效应,并且这种捕获效应的大小受工作记忆表征类型的调节。
[Abstract]:Attention tends to be biased toward stimulation that matches the content of working memory, but researchers are still debating the question of capturing automatic guidance based on working memory, for a number of reasons. On the one hand, the participants were not completely excluded from the distractor's own characteristic attributes and attention bias at the task level; on the other hand, the categories of working memory content were not clearly classified, which caused the researchers to compare and reference inconsistency. The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the effects of working memory representation types on attention-capture effects in the same reaction competition paradigm. The mechanism of selective attention is further revealed. Two experiments were included: experiment 1, which required the subjects to complete a visual search task, proving the assumption that distractions under high perceptual load would not get attention, which provided the possibility for experiment 2; in experiment 2, there were three groups of subjects who completed perception, respectively. Direct and indirect semantics are three types of working memory tasks, and a visual search task is performed while working memory is maintained, in which the distractions match or mismatch the working memory. The difference in reaction time between these two conditions is the size of the attention capture. The results show that the indirect semantic representation of working memory can also automatically attract attention capture, but the effect of attention capture is significantly smaller than that of perceptual representation and direct semantic representation. There is no significant difference between perceptual representation and direct semantic representation in guiding attention. The results are as follows: even if there is no characteristic attribute or task-level disturbance variable to bias attention toward distractors, it is sufficient to induce attention capture as long as it matches working memory. And the size of the capture effect is regulated by the type of working memory representation.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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