自我损耗对中学生利他行为的影响及干预研究

发布时间：2018-10-16 19:26

【摘要】：自我控制是伴随个体一生走向成熟不可缺少的因素,也是推动人类社会不断进步的动力。自我控制的能量模型认为:个体进行自我控制会消耗其内部的心理控制能量或资源,这种能量不足时个体便陷入自我损耗状态,使其各种社会适应性能力受到损害并在之后的活动中表现降低。以往的研究指出,在自我损耗状态下个体更容易发生坏行为(如攻击、欺骗等),而且会减少其好行为(如利他行为),但有关自我损耗对利他行为的影响机制还有待进一步澄清:如过去的研究更多是以大学生为对象,且采用自我损耗程度较低的任务探讨自我损耗对后续行为(如利他行为)的影响,而在实际生活中自我损耗的强度远不及此,更高程度的自我损耗对利他行为的影响如何?自我损耗对利他行为的影响是否会受到个体自我控制水平的影响?另有研究表明补充生理能量(葡萄糖)对自我损耗具有补偿的作用,那么在不同自我损耗状态下,补充生理能量(葡萄糖)后中学生的利他行为会有何表现?为此,本研究以中学生为对象,以Stroop任务为心理控制资源的高低自我损耗材料,首先探讨了自我损耗对中学生利他行为的影响(实验一);然后,考察了不同自我控制水平的中学生在自我损耗后的利他行为表现(实验二);最后通过补充生理能量对自我损耗后的中学生进行干预,探讨处于不同自我损耗状态下的中学生,在补充生理能量(葡萄糖)后的利他行为表现(实验三)。通过以上三个实验,本研究获得以下结论:(1)作为有意识的加工结果,个体的利他行为受到自我控制资源损耗程度的影响,当个体损耗了过多的心理控制资源而处于高自我损耗状态时,更有可能做出利己行为。(2)自我控制水平作为个体稳定的特质因素,也影响个体的利他行为。较高水平自我控制的个体更倾向于做出利他行为,个体可以通过提高自我控制水平来阻止好行为的减少。(3)葡萄糖作为心理控制资源的一种生理能量,能有效克服高自我损耗个体利他行为的减少,而给高自我损耗的个体摄入水或无摄入则对其没有明显的影响。当个体由于心理控制资源损耗过多而处于高损耗状态时,可考虑摄入生理能量(葡萄糖)来恢复自我控制资源,克服好行为的减少。
[Abstract]:Self-control is not only an indispensable factor to the maturity of individual life, but also a driving force to promote the progress of human society. The energy model of self-control holds that the self-control of an individual will consume its inner mental control energy or resources, and when the energy is insufficient, the individual will fall into a state of self-depletion. It impairs its social adaptability and performance in subsequent activities. Previous studies have shown that individuals are more prone to bad behavior (such as aggression) in a state of self-depletion. But the mechanism of self-depletion on altruistic behavior remains to be further clarified: for example, previous studies have focused more on college students. And using the task with low degree of self-loss to explore the influence of self-loss on subsequent behavior (such as altruistic behavior), but in real life, the intensity of self-loss is far less than this, what is the effect of higher degree of self-loss on altruistic behavior? Is the effect of self-loss on altruistic behavior affected by the level of individual self-control? Other studies have shown that supplementation of physiological energy (glucose) has a compensatory effect on self-loss, so under different self-loss states, what will the altruistic behavior of middle school students after supplement of physiological energy (glucose)? Therefore, taking the Stroop task as the material of high and low self-loss of mental control resources, this study first explores the effect of self-loss on altruistic behavior of middle school students (experiment 1), and then studies the effect of self-depletion on altruistic behavior of middle school students. The altruistic behavior of middle school students with different levels of self-control after self-depletion was investigated (experiment 2). Through the above three experiments, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) as a result of conscious processing, the altruistic behavior of individuals is affected by the degree of self-control resource depletion. Individuals with higher levels of self-control are more likely to behave altruistically. Individuals can prevent the reduction of good behavior by improving their self-control level. (3) glucose is a physiological energy of psychological control resources. It can effectively overcome the decrease of altruistic behavior of individuals with high self-loss, but it has no significant effect on the individuals with high self-loss by ingesting water or not. When the individual is in a state of high wastage due to excessive loss of psychological control resources, we can consider taking in physiological energy (glucose) to restore self-control resources and overcome the decrease of good behavior.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848.4

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