时间感知在不同损益情境下对跨期选择的影响

发布时间：2018-10-16 16:48

【摘要】：时间感知就是不借助外部时间参照物,我们个体对时间消逝的快慢、时距长短的估计的一种知觉和判断。而跨期决策指人们对发生在不同时间点(尤其是现在和未来)的成本和收益进行权衡比较,然后做出自己的选择的这样一类的决策。关于时间感知对跨期选择的影响作用,诸多学者已经取得了一些研究成果。已有研究证实了在较短时距上时间感知倾向的不同个体(时间高估者、时间低估者)在进行跨期选择中反应倾向呈现相反的趋势,即时间高估倾向的个体,在收益情境下倾向于选择即时较小的奖励,而时间低估倾向的个体倾向于选择延迟较大的奖励。本研究将时距长度扩展到更长的时间单位(像“小时”、“天”等)上来考察时间感知稳定性的特点。另外,增加损失情境下的跨期选择范式,对两种情境(收益、损失)下个体的跨期选择倾向进行研究。研究一采用不同时间单位下的时距复制任务实验,考察成人个体在“秒”、“小时”、“天”、“月”、“年”等不同时间单位上的时间感知倾向是否存在差异,旨在探讨个体在不同时间单位上的感知倾向是否保持一致性。在研究一的基础上,研究二根据“秒”单位时距复制任务筛选出的两类时间感知倾向不同的群体,即时间高估者和时间低估者,考察这两类不同群体在时间感知倾向上是否存在差异。另外采用跨期选择实验范式问卷,考察这些不同时间感知倾向群体在损失情境下和获益情境下的跨期选择行为差异,旨在进一步探讨时间感知在跨期决策中的影响作用。结果表明:(1)成人个体在不同时间单位上的时间感知倾向具有一致性和稳定性。(2)筛选出的时间高估者和时间低估者两类群体在时间感知倾向上存在显著差异。(3)时间感知倾向对跨期选择的影响在不同损益情境下的反应表现相反。由于对延迟兑现时间的高估,在收益情境下时间高估者倾向选择即时兑现的较小奖赏,而在损失情境下时间高估者更倾向于选择延迟发生的较大损失。
[Abstract]:Time perception is a kind of perception and judgment to estimate the speed and distance of time passing without external time reference. Intertemporal decision making means that people weigh and compare the costs and benefits at different time points (especially in the present and the future) and then make their own choices. Many scholars have made some achievements on the effect of time perception on intertemporal choice. Previous studies have confirmed that different individuals with a tendency to perceive time over a short time interval (time overestimators, time underestimators) tend to show the opposite tendency in their intertemporal selection, that is, individuals who tend to overestimate the time. In the situation of income, individuals tend to choose smaller rewards, while individuals who tend to underestimate the time tend to choose the rewards with greater delay. In this study, we extend the length of time to longer time units (such as "hours", "days", etc.) to investigate the characteristics of time perception stability. In addition, the intertemporal selection paradigm is added to study the intertemporal selection tendency of individuals under two scenarios (income, loss). In the first study, we used time interval replication task experiment under different time units to investigate whether there were differences in time perception tendency among adult individuals in different time units, such as second, hour, day, month, year, etc. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the perception tendency of individuals in different time units is consistent. On the basis of study one, two groups of people with different tendency of time perception were selected according to the "second" unit time interval replication task, that is, those who overestimated the time and underestimated the time. To investigate whether there are differences in time perception tendency between these two groups. In addition, the intertemporal selection paradigm questionnaire was used to investigate the intertemporal behavior differences of these groups in loss and benefit situations, in order to further explore the influence of time perception on intertemporal decision-making. The results show that: (1) the temporal perception tendency of adult individuals in different time units is consistent and stable. (2) there are significant differences in time perception tendency between the selected overvalued and undervalued groups. The effect of perceptual tendency on intertemporal selection was opposite in different profit and loss situations. Because of the overestimation of the delay time, those who overestimate the time tend to choose the smaller reward of immediate cash under the income situation, while those who overestimate the time tend to choose the larger loss caused by the delay in the situation of loss.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842.2

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