怀旧对疼痛共情影响的ERP研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 10:20

【摘要】：疼痛共情是人类日常生活中一种常见的心理现象,它指的是个体对他人的疼痛的感知、判断以及情绪反应。共情能力的提升使个体得以准确地推断他人的思维与感受,进而产生适当的情绪与行为反应。这不仅有助于激发个体的亲社会行为,使社会成员之间建立良好的社会互动关系,同时也能有效抑制攻击性行为的发生。因此,对于疼痛共情的研究极具社会意义与现实价值。以往的问卷调查与情景实验研究发现怀旧能够提高个体的共情水平,但这些研究往往缺乏客观性,并且也未涉及共情的内在神经机制。本研究旨在采用事件相关电位技术,通过比较被试在怀旧情绪与中性情绪下疼痛共情反应的差异,进一步探讨怀旧对疼痛共情加工过程的影响及其脑机制。本研究采用了 2(被试间因素:怀旧组、控制组)×2(被试内因素:疼痛图片、非疼痛图片)的混合实验设计,被试为35名健康的在校大学生。所得结果如下:首先,各实验条件均诱发了明显的N1、P2、N2、P3与LPC成分,表明实验材料有效引发了被试的共情反应。其次,对于N1成分,在P3和P4点上,怀旧情绪下疼痛图片诱发的波幅显著小于中性情绪。再次,在P2成分上,怀旧情绪下疼痛图片诱发的波幅显著大于中性情绪。最后,在P3成分上,相对于中性情绪,怀旧情绪下疼痛图片诱发了更大的波幅。这些结果表明怀旧对疼痛共情的影响既作用在早期自下而上的情绪共享加工阶段,又作用在晚期自上而下的认知评价加工阶段,并且一致表现为怀旧促进了个体的疼痛共情。
[Abstract]:Pain empathy is a common psychological phenomenon in human daily life. It refers to the individual's perception judgment and emotional reaction to the pain of others. The improvement of empathy enables individuals to infer accurately the thoughts and feelings of others, and then produce appropriate emotional and behavioral responses. This can not only stimulate individual pro-social behavior and establish good social interaction among social members, but also effectively inhibit the occurrence of aggressive behavior. Therefore, the study of pain empathy is of great social significance and practical value. Previous questionnaires and situational experiments have found that nostalgia can improve the level of empathy, but these studies often lack objectivity and do not involve the intrinsic neural mechanism of empathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nostalgia on the process of empathic pain processing and the brain mechanism by comparing the difference of empathic reaction between nostalgia and neutral emotion by means of event-related potential technique. In this study, a mixed design of 2 (nostalgia group, control group) 脳 2 (internal factor: pain picture, non-pain picture) was used. The subjects were 35 healthy college students. The results are as follows: firstly, the significant components of N1P2P2N2P3 and LPC were induced under different experimental conditions, which indicated that the experimental materials could effectively trigger the empathy reaction of the subjects. Secondly, for N1 component, the amplitude of pain picture induced by nostalgia was significantly lower than that of neutral emotion at P3 and P4. Thirdly, in P2 component, the amplitude of pain image induced by nostalgic emotion was significantly higher than that of neutral emotion. Finally, compared with neutral emotion, the pain picture of nostalgic emotion induced a larger amplitude in P3 component. These results suggest that nostalgia affects pain empathy both in the early bottom-up process of emotional sharing and in the late stage of top-down cognitive evaluation, and it is consistent that nostalgia promotes individual pain empathy.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.6

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