老年人教育背景、年龄对言语流畅性的影响
发布时间：2018-10-20 08:06
【摘要】：目前我国正加速步入老龄化社会,随着年龄的增长,老年人的大脑功能不可避免地会出现一定程度的衰退,作为脑功能一项重要指标的认知功能也会衰退,这会影响老年个体的身心健康与生活品质。老年人为我们的社会和国家做出了贡献,我们理应尽可能提供更多更好的机会帮助他们提高生活质量、安度晚年。文盲是老年人群体重要的一部分,中国在第六次人口普查(2010年)中,文盲人口为5465.6万人,与2000年第五次人口普查相比,文盲率由6.72%下降为4.08%,虽然我国文盲所占的比重有所下降,但是在20世纪上半叶左右,由于贫穷、生活条件差等因素,造成了65岁以上的老年人占据了文盲人口的大多数,这部分弱势群体应该引起重视。言语流畅性指个体运用语言工具传递信息的流利程度,表现人类基本的言语能力,包括语音流畅性和语义流畅性,言语流畅性一直被神经心理学家作为生理心理学研究的诊断指标,是因为它不仅对于来自病因学的认知功能损伤具有敏感性,而且对于识别那些健康的、但是发生年龄相关的记忆损伤的个体,或者具有发展成帕金森病危险的个体也十分敏感,因此研究制定不同年龄、教育背景个体的言语流畅度的正常范围显得十分重要。国外有关文盲、非文盲老年人言语流畅性的研究发现,言语流畅性受到多重因素的影响,年龄、教育、性别、语言等因素都会对其产生影响,教育对言语流畅测验具有促进作用,而且对语音流畅性具有更大的促进作用,语音流畅性不受年龄因素的影响,而年龄对语义流畅性的影响显著。国外的研究主要是基于表音文字,字母语系的字词属于表音文字,加工过程中受语音的影响较大,由于汉字作为表意文字,与拉丁字母语系的文字在物理特征、正字法水平和形音义关系等方面上存在较大差异,因此对字母语系文盲的研究成果不一定适用于表意文字。而国内有关老年人言语流畅性的研究,大多是探讨言语流畅性对认知功能退化相关疾病如阿尔茨海默病的诊断价值,较少关注正常文盲、非文盲老年人言语流畅能力的影响因素。因此,本研究试图从文盲、非文盲被试的角度,探讨汉语文化背景下我国健康老年人言语流畅功能受教育背景、年龄等因素的影响,并通过回归分析以确定教育、年龄、性别因素对语音、语义流畅性的影响程度。这不仅是从实证方面对汉语文化背景下老年人言语能力影响因素的初步探讨,也是以另一种方式管窥教育对认知功能的影响,拓宽了探讨教育与认知功能关系的有效路径,同时,深化了年龄对基本认知功能的影响,对认知功能老化理论具有指导意义。本研究主要通过问卷和言语流畅性测验的方法选择山东省临沂市的城乡老年人作为被试,经过筛选最后确定40个健康老年人参与实验研究,将实验材料打印,由经过标准化培训的主试施测,地点是被试的家中,经过被试同意的情况下进行现场录音以防止漏听或者误听被试的报告。通过对文盲、非文盲老年个体人口学变量上的差异检验,教育背景、年龄对言语流畅性测验影响的方差分析,不同影响因素与任务的交互作用分析,老年个体不同任务影响因素的回归分析,结果发现:1、以文盲、非文盲健康老年人为被试,语义流畅性的得分显著高于语音流畅性得分。2、不同教育背景的被试在语音流畅测验和语义流畅测验两项任务上均出现显著差异,两项任务的得分均随着教育水平的提高而增加。3、各年龄组的被试受教育年限没有显著差异,各组的语音流畅性得分差异不显著,在语义流畅性测验中发现,随着年龄的增长,测验的分数逐渐降低,高年龄组的得分最低。4、对语音、语义流畅性进行解释性回归分析,年龄、教育背景变量与因变量语义流畅性的多元线性关系显著,在语音流畅性多元回归分析中只有教育背景与因变量的线性关系显著。5、教育背景与不同语义分类标准的交互作用边缘显著,教育背景主要对“商品”这一语义标准的影响显著,对“动物”这一标准的影响边缘显著。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is accelerating the aging society. With the increase of age, the brain function of the old people inevitably has a certain degree of recession, and the cognitive function, which is an important index of brain function, will also fade, which will affect the physical and mental health and the quality of life of the aged individuals. Older persons have made a contribution to our society and our country, and we should provide as much better opportunities as possible to help them improve their quality of life and their old age. Illiteracy is an important part of the elderly population. In China's sixth census (2010), the illiteracy rate is 546.5 million. Compared with the fifth census in 2000, illiteracy rate is reduced from 6.72% to 4.08%, although the proportion of illiteracy among our country has declined. However, in the first half of the twentieth century, as a result of poverty and poor living conditions, older persons over the age of 65 occupied the majority of the illiterate population, which should be given priority. Verbal fluency refers to the degree of fluency that the individual uses the language tool to convey information, expressing human basic speech ability, including speech fluency and semantic fluency, speech fluency has been used as a diagnostic index of physiological psychology research by neuropsychologists, because it is not only sensitive to impairment of cognitive function from the brain, but also sensitive to individuals who identify those healthy, age-related memory impairment, or individuals having a risk of developing Parkinson's disease, studies have developed different ages, The normal range of speech fluency in education background is very important. The study of the verbal fluency of illiteracy and non-illiteracy among the foreign countries has found that speech fluency is influenced by multiple factors, such as age, education, sex, language, etc. but also has a greater promoting effect on the voice fluency, the voice fluency is not influenced by the age factor, and the age has significant influence on the semantic fluency. The research abroad is mainly based on the phonological characters, the words of the letter language family belong to the phonetic text, the influence of the voice in the processing process is large, because the Chinese character is used as the ideographic character, and the character of the Latin alphabet language family is in the physical characteristic, There is a great difference in the relation between the horizontal and the shape of the orthography, so the research results of the letter-language illiteracy do not necessarily apply to the ideographic characters. However, the study of speech fluency in the elderly is mostly concerned with the diagnostic value of speech fluency on cognitive function degradation related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, and less attention to the influence factors of normal illiteracy, non-illiteracy and the fluent ability of old people. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the influence of the language fluency function of healthy elderly in Chinese culture under the background of education, age and so on from the perspective of illiteracy, non-illiteracy and try to determine the effect of education, age and gender on speech by regression analysis. The degree of influence of semantic fluency. This is not only the preliminary discussion of the influence factors of the language competence of the old people in the Chinese culture background, but also the influence of education on the cognitive function in another way, thus widening the effective path to explore the relationship between education and cognitive function. Meanwhile, The influence of age on basic cognitive function is deepened, and it is of guiding significance to the theory of cognitive function aging. According to the method of questionnaire and verbal fluency test, the author selects the elderly people in urban and rural areas of Shandong Province as being tested, and finally determines 40 healthy elderly people to participate in experimental research through screening, and prints the experimental materials, which is tested by standardized training. The location is the home to be tried, and the on-site recording is conducted with the consent of the auditee to prevent leakage or mishear the reported report. Through the analysis of variance, educational background and age on the demographic variables of illiteracy and non-illiteracy, the analysis of the interaction between different factors and tasks, the interaction analysis of different influencing factors and tasks, and the regression analysis of the influencing factors of different tasks in the elderly were found, and the results showed that: 1. in that case of illiteracy, non-illiteracy healthy elderly people were tested, the score of semantic fluency was significantly higher than that of the voice fluency score. 2. There were significant differences in the two tasks of voice fluency test and semantic fluency test in different educational backgrounds. The scores of the two tasks increased with the improvement of the level of education. 3. There was no significant difference in the number of tested subjects in each age group, and the differences in the phonetic fluency scores of each group were not significant. In the semantic fluency test, the scores of the tests were gradually decreased with the increase of age. The score of the high age group is the lowest. 4, the explanatory regression analysis, the age, the educational background variable and the multivariate linear relation of the variable semantic fluency are obvious for the voice and the semantic fluency, and only the linear relation between the educational background and the dependent variable is significant in the voice fluency multiple regression analysis. The interaction edge between educational background and different semantic classification standards is remarkable, and the influence of educational background mainly on 鈥淐OMMODITY鈥，
本文编号：2282549
[Abstract]:At present, our country is accelerating the aging society. With the increase of age, the brain function of the old people inevitably has a certain degree of recession, and the cognitive function, which is an important index of brain function, will also fade, which will affect the physical and mental health and the quality of life of the aged individuals. Older persons have made a contribution to our society and our country, and we should provide as much better opportunities as possible to help them improve their quality of life and their old age. Illiteracy is an important part of the elderly population. In China's sixth census (2010), the illiteracy rate is 546.5 million. Compared with the fifth census in 2000, illiteracy rate is reduced from 6.72% to 4.08%, although the proportion of illiteracy among our country has declined. However, in the first half of the twentieth century, as a result of poverty and poor living conditions, older persons over the age of 65 occupied the majority of the illiterate population, which should be given priority. Verbal fluency refers to the degree of fluency that the individual uses the language tool to convey information, expressing human basic speech ability, including speech fluency and semantic fluency, speech fluency has been used as a diagnostic index of physiological psychology research by neuropsychologists, because it is not only sensitive to impairment of cognitive function from the brain, but also sensitive to individuals who identify those healthy, age-related memory impairment, or individuals having a risk of developing Parkinson's disease, studies have developed different ages, The normal range of speech fluency in education background is very important. The study of the verbal fluency of illiteracy and non-illiteracy among the foreign countries has found that speech fluency is influenced by multiple factors, such as age, education, sex, language, etc. but also has a greater promoting effect on the voice fluency, the voice fluency is not influenced by the age factor, and the age has significant influence on the semantic fluency. The research abroad is mainly based on the phonological characters, the words of the letter language family belong to the phonetic text, the influence of the voice in the processing process is large, because the Chinese character is used as the ideographic character, and the character of the Latin alphabet language family is in the physical characteristic, There is a great difference in the relation between the horizontal and the shape of the orthography, so the research results of the letter-language illiteracy do not necessarily apply to the ideographic characters. However, the study of speech fluency in the elderly is mostly concerned with the diagnostic value of speech fluency on cognitive function degradation related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, and less attention to the influence factors of normal illiteracy, non-illiteracy and the fluent ability of old people. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the influence of the language fluency function of healthy elderly in Chinese culture under the background of education, age and so on from the perspective of illiteracy, non-illiteracy and try to determine the effect of education, age and gender on speech by regression analysis. The degree of influence of semantic fluency. This is not only the preliminary discussion of the influence factors of the language competence of the old people in the Chinese culture background, but also the influence of education on the cognitive function in another way, thus widening the effective path to explore the relationship between education and cognitive function. Meanwhile, The influence of age on basic cognitive function is deepened, and it is of guiding significance to the theory of cognitive function aging. According to the method of questionnaire and verbal fluency test, the author selects the elderly people in urban and rural areas of Shandong Province as being tested, and finally determines 40 healthy elderly people to participate in experimental research through screening, and prints the experimental materials, which is tested by standardized training. The location is the home to be tried, and the on-site recording is conducted with the consent of the auditee to prevent leakage or mishear the reported report. Through the analysis of variance, educational background and age on the demographic variables of illiteracy and non-illiteracy, the analysis of the interaction between different factors and tasks, the interaction analysis of different influencing factors and tasks, and the regression analysis of the influencing factors of different tasks in the elderly were found, and the results showed that: 1. in that case of illiteracy, non-illiteracy healthy elderly people were tested, the score of semantic fluency was significantly higher than that of the voice fluency score. 2. There were significant differences in the two tasks of voice fluency test and semantic fluency test in different educational backgrounds. The scores of the two tasks increased with the improvement of the level of education. 3. There was no significant difference in the number of tested subjects in each age group, and the differences in the phonetic fluency scores of each group were not significant. In the semantic fluency test, the scores of the tests were gradually decreased with the increase of age. The score of the high age group is the lowest. 4, the explanatory regression analysis, the age, the educational background variable and the multivariate linear relation of the variable semantic fluency are obvious for the voice and the semantic fluency, and only the linear relation between the educational background and the dependent variable is significant in the voice fluency multiple regression analysis. The interaction edge between educational background and different semantic classification standards is remarkable, and the influence of educational background mainly on 鈥淐OMMODITY鈥，
本文编号：2282549
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