无意识情绪调节在挫折情境下的调节效应研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 18:56

【摘要】：情绪调节的现有研究多数关注有意识情绪调节,而生活中情绪调节很多时候是发生在无意识水平上的。与有意识情绪调节不同,无意识的情绪调节过程无需进行注意分配以及付出认知努力,相比有意识情绪调节更具有优势。因此,无意识情绪调节已经成为情绪调节领域新的研究热点。目前,无意识情绪调节在行为和生理水平上的调节效应还尚不清晰。本研究采用生物反馈技术对不同的无意识情绪调节策略在行为和生理水平上的调节特征进行了考察。本研究包括两个实验。实验一考察了无意识认知重评策略在挫折任务下对负面情绪的调节特征。实验以高生态效度的挫折任务诱发负面情绪。被试被随机分为控制组、有意识认知重评组和无意识认知重评组。实验分为三个阶段：基线阶段、挫折诱发阶段、恢复阶段,每个阶段记录被试的主观情绪体验和心率。研究结果显示：挫折诱发阶段无意识重评策略相比有意识重评策略在主观情绪体验上并没有取得显著下降,但是二者在心率反应上均显著低于控制组。实验还发现心率反应与负性情绪评分呈现正相关,和正性情绪评分呈现负相关。实验二考察了无意识接受策略在挫折任务下对负面情绪的调节特征。实验以高生态效度的挫折任务诱发负面情绪。被试随机分为控制组、有意识接受组和无意识接受组。实验分为三个阶段：基线阶段、挫折诱发阶段、恢复阶段。每个阶段记录被试的主观情绪体验和心率。实验结果显示在挫折诱发阶段无意识接受组和有意识接受组在情绪体验上存在显著差异：有意识接受组比无意识接受组出现了更多的正性情绪指标的下降。此外,相对于控制组,挫折情景下有意识接受和无意识接受都显著降低了被试情绪相关的心率活动水平;但两者的调节水平无显著差异。并且,心率活动水平可预测主观情绪体验强度：控制组的心率变化值与负性情绪变化值存在正相关趋势,与正性情绪指标变化值存在负相关趋势。因此,在挫折情景下,无意识接受策略不仅能有效降低情绪相关的生理活动水平,且相比有意识接受策略对主观情绪体验具有更良好的调节效果。
[Abstract]:Most of the current studies on emotional regulation focus on conscious emotional regulation, which often occurs at the unconscious level in life. Different from conscious emotional regulation, the unconscious emotional regulation process does not require attention allocation and cognitive effort, which is more advantageous than conscious emotional regulation. Therefore, unconscious emotional regulation has become a new research hotspot in the field of emotional regulation. At present, the regulatory effects of unconscious emotional regulation on behavioral and physiological levels are still unclear. In this study, biofeedback techniques were used to investigate the behavioral and physiological characteristics of different unconscious emotion regulation strategies. This study includes two experiments. Experiment 1 examined the regulation of unconscious cognitive reassessment strategies on negative emotions in frustration tasks. The experiment induced negative emotion with high ecological validity of frustration task. The subjects were randomly divided into control group, conscious cognitive reappraisal group and unconscious cognitive reassessment group. The experiment was divided into three stages: baseline stage, setback induction stage, recovery stage, and recorded subjective emotional experience and heart rate in each stage. The results showed that there was no significant decrease in subjective emotional experience compared with conscious reappraisal strategy in frustration induced stage, but both of them were significantly lower in heart rate response than those in control group. Heart rate response was positively correlated with negative emotional score and negatively correlated with positive emotional score. Experiment 2 examined the regulatory characteristics of unconscious acceptance strategies on negative emotions in frustration tasks. The experiment induced negative emotion with high ecological validity of frustration task. The subjects were randomly divided into control group, conscious group and unconscious group. The experiment was divided into three stages: baseline stage, setback induction stage and recovery stage. Subjective emotional experience and heart rate were recorded at each stage. The results showed that there were significant differences in emotional experience between the unconscious group and the conscious group in the stage of frustration induction: there were more positive emotional indicators in the conscious group than in the unconscious group. In addition, compared with the control group, both consciously and unconsciously accepted in frustration scenarios significantly decreased the emotion related heart rate activity, but there was no significant difference in the regulating level between the two groups. Moreover, the activity level of heart rate could predict the intensity of subjective emotional experience: there was a positive correlation trend between heart rate change value and negative emotion change value, and a negative correlation trend between heart rate change value and positive emotion index change value. Therefore, in frustration situations, unconscious acceptance strategies can not only effectively reduce the level of emotional related physiological activities, but also have a better regulatory effect on subjective emotional experience than conscious acceptance strategies.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842.6

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