时间间隔对学习判断相对准确性的影响

发布时间：2018-10-30 20:51

【摘要】：在学习判断（Judgment of Learning, JOL）的相关研究中，发现延迟JOL的相对准确性显著高于即刻JOL，这也就是所谓的延迟JOL效应。本研究关注的是延迟JOL效应产生机制中的自我实现预期假说（SFP假说）和双重记忆监测假说（MDM假说）。SFP假说强调的是伴随着延迟判断的尝试提取过程，而MDM假说认为短时记忆干扰的减少是延迟JOL效应产生的原因。对于SFP假说，在一些出现延迟JOL效应的研究中，并没有出现其所强调的记忆成绩提高，这意味着SFP假说是不足的。对于MDM假说，虽然发现了JOL准确性与短时记忆干扰的排除相关，但这并不足以确定两者之间是何种关系。本研究实施了两个实验来探索延迟JOL效应的产生机制。两个实验都是被试内单因素实验设计。其中实验1采用了PRAM范式，通过控制学习和JOL之间的时间间隔（即刻/短延迟/长延迟），探索了影响记忆成绩和JOL值之间关系的因素。实验2使用了经典JOL研究范式，控制变量是JOL和线索回忆之间的时间间隔（30s/3min）,以期观察JOL的准确性与短时记忆干扰排除之间是否存在因果关系。实验收集的数据指标主要有记忆成绩和JOL值。在实验1中，不同尝试提取结果的项目获得了显著不同的JOL值，并且发现JOL的相对准确性与短时记忆干扰的排除情况密切相关。在实验2中，不同条件下的记忆成绩有着显著的差异，但是JOL值和JOL的相对准确性并没有显著的差异。根据上述的结果，我们可以推断尝试提取过程和短时记忆干扰排除都是延迟JOL效应产生的必要条件。在延迟条件下，尝试提取过程向JOL提供了主要的线索，同时，短时记忆干扰的排除又强化了这种线索与记忆成绩之间的关联，，进一步促使延迟JOL有着更高的相对准确性。本研究不仅发现了两种假说的局限，还在阐述延迟JOL效应产生机制的过程中整合了这两种假说。
[Abstract]:In the study of learning to judge (Judgment of Learning, JOL), we found that the relative accuracy of delayed JOL is significantly higher than that of immediate JOL, which is called delayed JOL effect. This study focuses on the self-fulfilling expectation hypothesis (SFP hypothesis) and the dual memory monitoring hypothesis (MDM hypothesis). SFP hypothesis) in the mechanism of delayed JOL effect. The MDM hypothesis suggests that the reduction of short-term memory interference is the cause of delayed JOL effect. For the SFP hypothesis, in some studies with delayed JOL effect, there is no improvement in memory performance, which means that the SFP hypothesis is insufficient. For the MDM hypothesis, although there is a correlation between the accuracy of JOL and the exclusion of short-term memory interference, it is not sufficient to determine the relationship between the two. Two experiments were carried out to explore the mechanism of delayed JOL effect. The two experiments were designed as a single factor experiment. Experiment 1 uses PRAM paradigm to explore the factors that affect the relationship between memory achievement and JOL value by controlling the time interval between learning and JOL (immediate / short delay / long delay). In experiment 2, the classical JOL paradigm was used to control the time interval (30s/3min) between JOL and cue recall, in order to observe whether there was a causal relationship between the accuracy of JOL and the elimination of short-term memory interference. The main indicators of data collected in the experiment are memory scores and JOL values. In experiment 1, different items which try to extract the results obtained significantly different JOL values, and found that the relative accuracy of JOL is closely related to the exclusion of short-term memory interference. In experiment 2, there were significant differences in memory scores under different conditions, but there was no significant difference in relative accuracy between JOL and JOL. Based on the above results, we can infer that both the attempt to extract and the elimination of short-term memory interference are necessary conditions for delayed JOL effect. At the same time, the elimination of short-term memory interference strengthens the correlation between this clue and memory achievement, which further promotes the higher relative accuracy of delayed JOL. This study not only found the limitations of the two hypotheses, but also integrated the two hypotheses in the process of explaining the mechanism of delayed JOL effect.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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