想象接触降低群际威胁感：感知相似性的作用
发布时间：2018-11-07 13:10
【摘要】：在社会群体情境中,当一个群体所具有的资源、信念和价值观等各种特征对另一个群体的存在、发展和目标产生的威胁时,群际威胁感就产生了。它会导致内群体成员产生消极的外群体态度和行为。近年来,如何降低群际威胁感,减少感知到群际威胁所带来的消极影响,促进各群体之间的融洽等社会热点突出问题,引起了越来越多研究者们的关注。 当人们感知到来自外群体的威胁时,会产生一系列认知、情绪和行为上的消极反应,影响和谐群际关系的发展。Canetti-Nisim,Ariely等人的研究表明群际威胁感在偏见和永久性冲突的形成和发展中起着关键作用(Canetti-Nisim,Ariely,Halperin,2008；Stephan,Ybarra,Morrison,2009；MaozMcCauley,2009；Schmid et a1.,2008；Tausch,Hewstone,Kenworthy,Cairns,Christ,2007)。感知到群际威胁也是群际压力的一个核心因素,它会对主观幸福感产生消极影响(SchmidMuldoon.2013).随着群际威胁对群际关系的消极影响越来越明显,研究者也开始关注如何降低群际威胁感,改善群际关系。前人的研究证明了群际接触可以在感知到群际威胁的情境下改善群际关系,例如,不同种族或信仰的学生,住在同一寝室则有助于减少群体间的偏见,并且对不同信仰室友的积极态度会随着年级的增加而逐渐增加,这种变化并不受分组方式的影响(主试随机分配或被试自愿选择)(Shook＆Fazio,2008). 尽管众多研究都证明了群际接触能够降低群体偏见,由于在现实环境中,直接群际接触的实现受到很多条件的限制(如,极端隔离的社会环境限制了内外群体成员之间的接触),很多群体间的现实接触难以实现。研究者们开始关注想象群际接触,有研究表明：让被试想像与外群体的接触,也可以降低群际偏见(Stathi＆Crisp,2008).想象接触能够增加对外群体的积极评价：减少对外群体的内隐偏见；促进与外群体接触的意图,然而想象接触对影响群际关系的关键性因素——群际威胁是否也能产生上述积极影响?其可能的影响因素是什么?这是本研究试图探讨的问题。基于前人的研究结果,本研究假设想象群际接触可以降低内群体成员的群际威胁感,本研究利用两个实验来验证这一假设。 两个实验均以中国被试与日本人接触作为想象情境。实验一中,通过标准想象接触,研究者以中国作为想象主体,以曾经与内群体发生冲突的日本作为想象接触目标群体,测量被试的群际威胁感水平。实验结果发现：(1)经历过标准想象接触的被试感知到的群际威胁水平显著低于没有想象接触操作的控制组被试：(2)感知内外群体相似性在想象接触-群际威胁感的关系中起中介作用。实验二中,研究者采用了精细想象接触来验证研究假设。研究者通过以精细想象接触为实验组,非精细想象接触-标准想象接触为控制组,来测量被试感知群际威胁水平的变化。实验结果发现：(1)精细想象接触组被试感知群际威胁水平显著低于标准想象接触组；(2)在想象接触-群际威胁感中,感知内外群体相似性起中介作用。
[Abstract]:In the context of social groups, when a group of features, such as resources, beliefs and values, poses a threat to the existence, development and goals of another group, the sense of intercluster threat has been generated. It will lead to negative externality and behaviour among the members of the group. In recent years, how to reduce the inter-group threat sense, reduce the negative influence brought by the inter-group threat, and promote the harmonious social hot-spot project among the groups, have caused more and more researchers to pay more attention. When people perceive the threat from an external group, a series of negative reactions on cognition, emotion and behavior will be generated, affecting the inter-group relationship. Development. The study of Canetti-Nsim, Ariely et al. shows that intercluster threats play a key role in the formation and development of bias and permanent conflict (Canetti-Nisim, Ariely, Halperin, 2008; Stephan, Ybarra, Morrison, 2009; MarozMcCauley, 2009; Schmid et al., 2008; Tausch, Hewstone, Kenworthy, Cairns, Chist, 200 7). The perceived intercluster threat is also a core factor of inter-group pressure, which will have a negative impact on subjective well-being (Schmidt Muldoon. 201 3) The researchers have also begun to focus on how to reduce the intercluster threat and improve the intergroup threat as the intercluster threat has a more negative impact on the intercluster relationship. The previous studies have shown that intercluster contact can improve inter-group relationships in the context of perceived intercluster threats, for example, students with different races or beliefs, living in the same room helps to reduce inter-group relationships Prejudice, and the positive attitude towards different faiths and roommates will gradually increase as the grade increases, and this change is not affected by the way the group is grouped (the main trial is randomly assigned or selected voluntarily) (Sok & Fazio, 200 8) Although many studies have demonstrated that inter-cluster contact is able to reduce group bias, the realization of direct inter-cluster contact is limited by a number of conditions in a realistic environment (e.g., extreme isolation of the social environment limits the membership of the internal and external groups) The real connection between a large number of groups It's hard to make it difficult. The researchers began to focus on the thought-group contact, and there was a study that let it be tried to look like a contact with an outside group or to lower the group bias (Stathi & Supp, (2008). Imagination of contacts can increase the positive evaluation of the external groups: reduce the implicit bias of the external groups; promote the intention to come into contact with the external groups; however, it is envisaged that the key factors that affect the inter-cluster relationship _ inter-cluster threats can also be generated Statement of positive impact? Possible impact What's the factor? This is the study. Based on the results of the previous studies, it is assumed that the inter-group contact can reduce the intergroup threat feeling among the members of the inner group, and the present study uses two experiments to verify the inter-group threat. The two experiments were tested in China and the Japanese In the experiment 1, by standard imagination, the researchers used China as an imaginary body to contact the target group as an imaginary contact with the Japanese who had clashed with the group, and the measurement was tried. The experimental results show that: (1) The level of inter-cluster threat experienced by the tested perceived group is significantly lower than that of the control group without the imagination contact operation: (2) the perception of the intra-and intra-population similarity in the imagination contact-intergroup threat sense In the experiment two, the researchers used the fine imagination to connect. To verify the hypothesis of the study. The researchers measured the perceived group by contacting the experimental group with a fine imagination, a non-fine-imagination contact-standard image, and a control group. The experimental results show that (1) the level of inter-cluster threat is significantly lower than that of the standard imagination contact group; (2) in the imagination contact-intercluster threat sense, the internal and external groups are perceived
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2316472
[Abstract]:In the context of social groups, when a group of features, such as resources, beliefs and values, poses a threat to the existence, development and goals of another group, the sense of intercluster threat has been generated. It will lead to negative externality and behaviour among the members of the group. In recent years, how to reduce the inter-group threat sense, reduce the negative influence brought by the inter-group threat, and promote the harmonious social hot-spot project among the groups, have caused more and more researchers to pay more attention. When people perceive the threat from an external group, a series of negative reactions on cognition, emotion and behavior will be generated, affecting the inter-group relationship. Development. The study of Canetti-Nsim, Ariely et al. shows that intercluster threats play a key role in the formation and development of bias and permanent conflict (Canetti-Nisim, Ariely, Halperin, 2008; Stephan, Ybarra, Morrison, 2009; MarozMcCauley, 2009; Schmid et al., 2008; Tausch, Hewstone, Kenworthy, Cairns, Chist, 200 7). The perceived intercluster threat is also a core factor of inter-group pressure, which will have a negative impact on subjective well-being (Schmidt Muldoon. 201 3) The researchers have also begun to focus on how to reduce the intercluster threat and improve the intergroup threat as the intercluster threat has a more negative impact on the intercluster relationship. The previous studies have shown that intercluster contact can improve inter-group relationships in the context of perceived intercluster threats, for example, students with different races or beliefs, living in the same room helps to reduce inter-group relationships Prejudice, and the positive attitude towards different faiths and roommates will gradually increase as the grade increases, and this change is not affected by the way the group is grouped (the main trial is randomly assigned or selected voluntarily) (Sok & Fazio, 200 8) Although many studies have demonstrated that inter-cluster contact is able to reduce group bias, the realization of direct inter-cluster contact is limited by a number of conditions in a realistic environment (e.g., extreme isolation of the social environment limits the membership of the internal and external groups) The real connection between a large number of groups It's hard to make it difficult. The researchers began to focus on the thought-group contact, and there was a study that let it be tried to look like a contact with an outside group or to lower the group bias (Stathi & Supp, (2008). Imagination of contacts can increase the positive evaluation of the external groups: reduce the implicit bias of the external groups; promote the intention to come into contact with the external groups; however, it is envisaged that the key factors that affect the inter-cluster relationship _ inter-cluster threats can also be generated Statement of positive impact? Possible impact What's the factor? This is the study. Based on the results of the previous studies, it is assumed that the inter-group contact can reduce the intergroup threat feeling among the members of the inner group, and the present study uses two experiments to verify the inter-group threat. The two experiments were tested in China and the Japanese In the experiment 1, by standard imagination, the researchers used China as an imaginary body to contact the target group as an imaginary contact with the Japanese who had clashed with the group, and the measurement was tried. The experimental results show that: (1) The level of inter-cluster threat experienced by the tested perceived group is significantly lower than that of the control group without the imagination contact operation: (2) the perception of the intra-and intra-population similarity in the imagination contact-intergroup threat sense In the experiment two, the researchers used the fine imagination to connect. To verify the hypothesis of the study. The researchers measured the perceived group by contacting the experimental group with a fine imagination, a non-fine-imagination contact-standard image, and a control group. The experimental results show that (1) the level of inter-cluster threat is significantly lower than that of the standard imagination contact group; (2) in the imagination contact-intercluster threat sense, the internal and external groups are perceived
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
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