正念训练对大学生工作记忆的影响研究

发布时间：2018-11-10 19:30

【摘要】：正念训练源于东方佛教传统,后被引入西方心理学界。由于正念在缓解压力、改善注意及情绪调节等诸多方面都有非常好的功效,近几十年来,正念逐渐成为应用和研究的热点。工作记忆在认知过程中起着核心的作用,一直是心理学、认知科学研究的热点之一。但是关于正念与工作记忆的关系及其对工作记忆的影响的研究还不够完善。本研究梳理了正念和工作记忆的相关文献,并通过相关研究设计,探讨了个体正念特质与工作记忆之间的关系以及正念训练对工作记忆的影响。?本研究主要采用向新生宣讲的形式招募到大一被试??名。按照其意愿将招募到的被试分为对照组和实验组,其中实验组进行为期?周的正念训练,对照组不参加训练。训练前后对两组被试进行正念水平与工作记忆成绩的测量。其中正念训练采用正念五因素量表(FFMQ)进行测量,工作记忆成绩采用数字2-back任务进行测量。采用SPSS18.0软件分析了FFMQ得分与数字2-back任务成绩之间的相关,并比较了训练组和对照组训练前后FFMQ得分与数字2-back任务成绩的变化。数据分析结果显示,五因素正念量表五个维度及总分与数字2-back任务的正确率与反应时均无显著相关;与对照组相比,?周的正念训练提高了训练组的正念水平,其中不判断因子和总分得到了显著提高,观察、描述、有觉知的行动、不反应四个因子的得分有所提高,但未达到显著;与对照组相比,?周的正念训练显著提高了训练组数字2-back任务的反应时,正确率无显著变化。?总结本研究发现,本研究中的正念训练方案在一定程度上提高了参与者的正念水平和工作记忆成绩,验证了研究假设。但正念水平与工作记忆成绩之间无显著相关,与假设不符,有待进一步研究。?本研究丰富了国内关于正念训练实践形式的探索,探讨了正念与工作记忆相关及正念训练对工作记忆的影响,具有很强的参考价值。??
[Abstract]:Mindfulness training originated from the oriental Buddhist tradition and was later introduced into western psychology. As mindfulness has a good effect in relieving stress, improving attention and emotion regulation, mindfulness has gradually become a hot spot in application and research in recent decades. Working memory plays a central role in the cognitive process and has always been one of the hotspots in psychology and cognitive science. But the research on the relationship between mindfulness and working memory and its influence on working memory is not perfect. This study combed the literature on mindfulness and working memory, and explored the relationship between individual mindfulness trait and working memory and the influence of mindfulness training on working memory. In this study, freshmen were recruited in the form of preaching to freshmen. Name. According to their wishes, the subjects recruited were divided into control group and experimental group, in which the experimental group was conducted for a period of time. Week's mindfulness training, the control group did not participate in the training. The level of mindfulness and working memory were measured before and after training. Mindfulness training was measured by (FFMQ) and working memory was measured by digital 2-back task. The correlation between the scores of FFMQ and the scores of digital 2-back tasks was analyzed by SPSS18.0 software, and the changes of FFMQ scores and the scores of digital 2-back tasks before and after training were compared between the training group and the control group. The results of data analysis showed that the five dimensions and total scores of five-factor mindfulness scale had no significant correlation with the correct rate of digital 2-back task and the response time, and compared with the control group, there was no significant correlation between the five dimensions and the total score. Week's mindfulness training improved the level of mindfulness in the training group, in which the factor of not judging and the total score were significantly improved. The scores of observation, description, awareness and non-reflection four factors were improved, but not significant. Compared with the control group,? Week's mindfulness training significantly improved the response time of digital 2-back task in the training group, and the correct rate did not change significantly. The conclusion of this study shows that the mindfulness training scheme in this study improves the participants' mindfulness and working memory to a certain extent and verifies the hypothesis of the study. However, there is no significant correlation between mindfulness level and working memory performance, which is not consistent with the hypothesis and needs further study. This study enriches the exploration of practical forms of mindfulness training in China, and probes into the correlation between mindfulness and working memory and the influence of mindfulness training on working memory, which is of great reference value.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

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