自主欺骗在意图与反馈加工阶段的电生理机制
发布时间：2018-11-11 12:18
【摘要】：欺骗是个体有意地通过言语或非言语的行为操纵他人错误信念以趋利避害的心理过程。自主欺骗与要求欺骗相对,指的是个体在一定利益的诱发下主动做出的欺骗行为,大多数自主欺骗的研究以金钱为诱因。欺骗研究的现状主要有以下3点:第一,当前电生理测谎的指标主要是欺骗意图阶段的P300,但它有一定的概率将诚实误判为欺骗(崔茜,张庆林,2013;高军峰et al.,2014),它的测谎效力受到一些研究者的质疑;第二,由于现实情境中的欺骗需要面临后果,欺骗的反馈阶段是欺骗过程的一部分,对反馈信息的结果评价对交互过程中欺骗策略的调整有重要影响(Sip et al.,2008),因此近年的研究开始关注欺骗行为的反馈阶段,P300和FRN是反馈阶段探讨的两个主要ERP成分;第三,欺骗可能存在练习效应,模拟卧底情境的信息隐瞒范式研究发现要求欺骗是可以练习的(陈昊,2013),脑成像研究发现大脑对自主欺骗的适应发生在杏仁核上(Garrett et al.,2016)。综上,本研究改进研究范式,诱发自主的欺骗行为,探讨欺骗的意图与反馈阶段的电生理机制。研究使用事件相关电位(event-related potentials,ERP)技术,通过2个实验进行重复验证,实验1采用金钱奖赏诱发(31人),实验2采用时间奖赏诱发(32人)。实验任务结合了点分布判断任务(MazarZhong,2010)和Fang等人(2003)的欺骗及时反馈范式,采用被试内设计,诱发信息有3种类型(高、低奖赏的“欺骗”诱发条件,和“诚实”这一无关的诱发条件),反馈信息有3种类型(诚实、欺骗成功、欺骗失败),正式实验共480个试次。对诱发信息呈现后(欺骗意图阶段)的P300进行2(诱发条件:低奖赏,高奖赏)×2(反应:诚实,欺骗)重复测量方差分析,对反馈阶段(反馈信息呈现后)的P300和FRN进行2(诱发条件:低奖赏,高奖赏)×3(反馈:诚实,欺骗成功,欺骗失败)重复测量方差分析,结果表明:(1)实验1中,对于欺骗意图阶段的P300,反应的主效应不显著,诚实和欺骗没有显著差异;实验2中,反应的主效应显著;(2)对于欺骗反馈阶段的P300,反馈的主效应显著,欺骗失败反馈的P300波幅最高,诚实反馈的P300最低,两个实验的结果一致;(3)对于反馈阶段的FRN平均波幅,反馈的主效应显著,能区分诚实与欺骗;对于反馈阶段的FRN的波峰幅度,诚实和欺骗成功反馈的差异不显著,诚实和欺骗失败反馈的差异显著。研究得出以下结论:(1)欺骗意图阶段的P300不是稳定的测谎指标;(2)欺骗反馈阶段的P300是有效的测谎指标;(3)反馈阶段的FRN的平均波幅是有效的测谎指标;FRN的波峰幅度不能区分诚实或欺骗。
[Abstract]:Deception is a psychological process in which individuals deliberately manipulate others' false beliefs through verbal or non-verbal actions. In contrast to demand deception, self-deception refers to the active deceptive behavior of individuals induced by certain interests. Most researches on autonomous deception are motivated by money. The present situation of cheating research mainly includes the following three points: first, the current index of electrophysiological lie detection is mainly P300 in the stage of intent of deception, but it has a certain probability that honesty will be misjudged as deception (Cui Xi, Zhang Qinglin, 2013; Gao Junfeng et al.,2014, whose effectiveness in polygraph detection has been questioned by some researchers; Secondly, because the cheating needs to face the consequences in the real situation, the feedback stage of deception is a part of the cheating process, and the evaluation of the result of feedback information has an important impact on the adjustment of deception strategy in the interactive process (Sip et al.,2008). Therefore, recent studies have focused on the feedback stage of cheating behavior. P300 and FRN are the two main components of ERP in the feedback phase. Third, deception may have a practice effect. The information concealment paradigm that simulates the undercover situation has found that deception can be practiced (Chen Hao, 2013). Brain imaging studies have found that the adaptation of the brain to autonomic deception occurs in the amygdala (Garrett et al.,2016). To sum up, this study improves the research paradigm, induces autonomous deception, and probes into the intention of deception and the electrophysiological mechanism in the feedback stage. The study used event-related potential (event-related potentials,ERP) technique to repeat the experiment with two experiments. In experiment 1, money reward was used (31 cases), and time reward was used in experiment 2 (32 cases). The task combined the spoofing feedback paradigm of point distribution judgment task (MazarZhong,2010) and Fang et al. (2003). The results showed that there were three types of induced information (high and low reward). There are three types of feedback information (honesty, deceptive success, cheating failure), and 480 formal experiments are conducted. The P300 after the presentation of induced information (deceptive intention phase) was repeated by 2 (induced conditions: low reward, high reward) 脳 2 (response: honesty, deception) repeated measurement of ANOVA, The repeated measurement of variance analysis of P300 and FRN in the feedback stage (after the feedback information is presented) 2 (inductive conditions: low reward, high reward) 脳 3 (feedback: honesty, success of deception, failure of deception) was carried out. The results showed that: (1) in experiment 1, For P300 of deceptive intention, the main effect of response was not significant, and there was no significant difference between honesty and deception. In experiment 2, the main effect of response was significant. (2) for the stage of cheating feedback, the main effect of feedback was significant, the amplitude of feedback of cheating failure was the highest, the amplitude of feedback of honest feedback was the lowest, and the results of the two experiments were consistent. (3) for the average amplitude of FRN in the feedback stage, the main effect of feedback is significant, which can distinguish honesty from deception; For the peak amplitude of FRN in feedback stage, the difference between honest and deceptive success feedback is not significant, but the difference between honest and cheating failure feedback is significant. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the P300 of deception intention stage is not a stable lie detection index; (2) the P300 of cheating feedback stage is an effective lie detection index; (3) the average amplitude of FRN in the feedback stage is an effective lie detection index; FRN's peak amplitude does not distinguish between honesty and deception.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B845
本文编号：2324810
[Abstract]:Deception is a psychological process in which individuals deliberately manipulate others' false beliefs through verbal or non-verbal actions. In contrast to demand deception, self-deception refers to the active deceptive behavior of individuals induced by certain interests. Most researches on autonomous deception are motivated by money. The present situation of cheating research mainly includes the following three points: first, the current index of electrophysiological lie detection is mainly P300 in the stage of intent of deception, but it has a certain probability that honesty will be misjudged as deception (Cui Xi, Zhang Qinglin, 2013; Gao Junfeng et al.,2014, whose effectiveness in polygraph detection has been questioned by some researchers; Secondly, because the cheating needs to face the consequences in the real situation, the feedback stage of deception is a part of the cheating process, and the evaluation of the result of feedback information has an important impact on the adjustment of deception strategy in the interactive process (Sip et al.,2008). Therefore, recent studies have focused on the feedback stage of cheating behavior. P300 and FRN are the two main components of ERP in the feedback phase. Third, deception may have a practice effect. The information concealment paradigm that simulates the undercover situation has found that deception can be practiced (Chen Hao, 2013). Brain imaging studies have found that the adaptation of the brain to autonomic deception occurs in the amygdala (Garrett et al.,2016). To sum up, this study improves the research paradigm, induces autonomous deception, and probes into the intention of deception and the electrophysiological mechanism in the feedback stage. The study used event-related potential (event-related potentials,ERP) technique to repeat the experiment with two experiments. In experiment 1, money reward was used (31 cases), and time reward was used in experiment 2 (32 cases). The task combined the spoofing feedback paradigm of point distribution judgment task (MazarZhong,2010) and Fang et al. (2003). The results showed that there were three types of induced information (high and low reward). There are three types of feedback information (honesty, deceptive success, cheating failure), and 480 formal experiments are conducted. The P300 after the presentation of induced information (deceptive intention phase) was repeated by 2 (induced conditions: low reward, high reward) 脳 2 (response: honesty, deception) repeated measurement of ANOVA, The repeated measurement of variance analysis of P300 and FRN in the feedback stage (after the feedback information is presented) 2 (inductive conditions: low reward, high reward) 脳 3 (feedback: honesty, success of deception, failure of deception) was carried out. The results showed that: (1) in experiment 1, For P300 of deceptive intention, the main effect of response was not significant, and there was no significant difference between honesty and deception. In experiment 2, the main effect of response was significant. (2) for the stage of cheating feedback, the main effect of feedback was significant, the amplitude of feedback of cheating failure was the highest, the amplitude of feedback of honest feedback was the lowest, and the results of the two experiments were consistent. (3) for the average amplitude of FRN in the feedback stage, the main effect of feedback is significant, which can distinguish honesty from deception; For the peak amplitude of FRN in feedback stage, the difference between honest and deceptive success feedback is not significant, but the difference between honest and cheating failure feedback is significant. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the P300 of deception intention stage is not a stable lie detection index; (2) the P300 of cheating feedback stage is an effective lie detection index; (3) the average amplitude of FRN in the feedback stage is an effective lie detection index; FRN's peak amplitude does not distinguish between honesty and deception.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B845
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