心理资本对低阶层贫富差距归因倾向的影响
发布时间：2018-11-19 20:43
【摘要】：贫富差距的逐年扩大,引发了诸多的社会问题。有些地方甚至出现了“仇富”“仇官”等极端社会心态,引起了政府管理者和学者们的密切关注。针对这一问题,已有不少研究证明,当个体对贫富差距做出外部归因倾向时,就会产生更多的不公平感和相对剥夺感,进而产生极端心态,成为影响社会安定和谐的潜在因素。而阶层心理学的研究发现,社会阶层较低的个体更倾向于对现实的贫富差距问题做外部归因,即更多的将这种贫富差距归结为是社会制度、机会不平等或者歧视等外部原因。由此,处于较低社会地位的群体,他们更有可能感知到现实的不公,进而引起一些极端的社会心态。因此,低阶层民众对贫富差距的归因更应当引起重视和关注。了解低阶层民众对贫富差距外归因的内在机制不仅能够完善阶层心理学的相关理论,而且从实际意义上来说,也有助于为社会管理制定适宜的政策提供有价值的参考。本文建立在阶层心理学理论和心理资本干预的理论上,通过三个研究从实证的角度对低阶层贫富差距外归因倾向的问题进行了探讨。具体来说,首先通过调查的方式了解低阶层群体贫富差距的归因倾向。接着,采用干预实验进一步探究了心理资本对低阶层外归因倾向的影响及其中介作用机制。研究1a采用问卷法,以湖北高校的537名高低不同阶层的大学生为被试,调查结果表明：与高社会阶层相比,低社会阶层的心理资本水平更低,控制感水平更低,且倾向于对贫富差距进行外归因。心理资本对低阶层大学生群体贫富差距外归因倾向的影响受到控制感的中介作用。研究lb采用问卷法,在不同省份抽取典型的低阶层成人被试作为研究对象,低阶层被试371人(职业为产业工人、商业服务人员、保洁员、客服员,且主观阶层得分在4分及以下),男性被试185名,女性被试186名。研究结果表明：控制感在心理资本与贫富差距外归因倾向之间起中介作用。研究二采用实验干预法,以77名低阶层大学生为被试。其中实验组38名,进行心理资本干预；控制组39名,不进行心理资本干预。研究结果表明,经过心理资本干预后的低阶层被试,其心理资本水平显著上升,控制感水平显著上升,且贫富差距的外归因倾向显著下降,控制感在其中起到中介作用。总的来说,该研究结果说明了低阶层个体的更偏好将贫富差距问题归结为是制度、背景等外部原因。为了缓解这种贫富差距的外归因倾向,我们可以通过心理资本干预提升低阶层个体的心理资本水平,包括自我效能、希望、乐观和韧性,从而提升低阶层个体的贫富差距的外归因倾向,最终可以帮助低阶层个体,减少外归因,增加内归因。
[Abstract]:The widening gap between the rich and the poor has caused many social problems. In some places, extreme social attitudes, such as hatred against the rich and officials, have aroused the close attention of government administrators and scholars. In view of this problem, many studies have proved that when the individual makes an external attribution tendency to the gap between the rich and the poor, it will produce more sense of injustice and relative deprivation, and then produce extreme mentality, and become a potential factor affecting social stability and harmony. However, the research of stratum psychology found that the individuals with lower social stratum tend to make external attribution to the real problem of the gap between the rich and the poor, that is to say, the gap between the rich and the poor is more attributed to the external reasons such as social system, unequal opportunity or discrimination. As a result, groups in lower social status are more likely to perceive real injustice and cause some extreme social attitudes. Therefore, the attribution of low-class people to the gap between rich and poor should be paid more attention and attention. Understanding the internal mechanism of the low class people's attribution to the gap between the rich and the poor can not only perfect the relevant theories of stratum psychology, but also help to provide valuable reference for social management to formulate appropriate policies in practical sense. Based on the theory of stratum psychology and the intervention of psychological capital, this paper probes into the problem of the tendency of attribution outside the gap between the rich and the poor in the lower class from the perspective of three empirical studies. Specifically, first of all, through the way of investigation to understand the low-class groups of the gap between rich and poor attribution tendency. Then, the influence of psychological capital on low-level extraordinarily attributional tendency and its mediating mechanism are further explored by intervention experiment. In the first year of the study, 537 college students from different social classes in Hubei province were investigated by questionnaire. The results showed that the psychological capital level and the control sense level of the lower social class were lower than those of the high social class. And tend to the gap between the rich and poor external attribution. The influence of psychological capital on the external attribution tendency of the low class college students is mediated by the sense of control. The study of lb used questionnaire method to select typical low-class adult subjects in different provinces as the study subjects, the low-class participants (occupation for industrial workers, business service personnel, cleaning staff, customer service workers, workers, There were 185 male and 186 female subjects. The results show that the sense of control plays an intermediary role between psychological capital and the external attribution tendency of the gap between the rich and the poor. In the second study, 77 low-class college students were selected as subjects by experimental intervention. There were 38 cases in the experimental group and 39 cases in the control group. The results show that after the intervention of psychological capital, the level of psychological capital increases significantly, the level of sense of control increases significantly, and the external attribution tendency of the gap between the rich and the poor decreases significantly, in which the sense of control plays an intermediary role. In general, the results show that the lower class individuals prefer to attribute the gap between the rich and the poor to institutional, background and other external reasons. In order to alleviate this tendency of extrinsic attribution of the gap between the rich and the poor, we can raise the level of psychological capital of the lower class individuals through psychological capital intervention, including self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience. So as to promote the low class individual's tendency of external attribution of the gap between the rich and the poor, it can ultimately help the low class individual, reduce the external attribution and increase the internal attribution.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B848.3
本文编号：2343375
[Abstract]:The widening gap between the rich and the poor has caused many social problems. In some places, extreme social attitudes, such as hatred against the rich and officials, have aroused the close attention of government administrators and scholars. In view of this problem, many studies have proved that when the individual makes an external attribution tendency to the gap between the rich and the poor, it will produce more sense of injustice and relative deprivation, and then produce extreme mentality, and become a potential factor affecting social stability and harmony. However, the research of stratum psychology found that the individuals with lower social stratum tend to make external attribution to the real problem of the gap between the rich and the poor, that is to say, the gap between the rich and the poor is more attributed to the external reasons such as social system, unequal opportunity or discrimination. As a result, groups in lower social status are more likely to perceive real injustice and cause some extreme social attitudes. Therefore, the attribution of low-class people to the gap between rich and poor should be paid more attention and attention. Understanding the internal mechanism of the low class people's attribution to the gap between the rich and the poor can not only perfect the relevant theories of stratum psychology, but also help to provide valuable reference for social management to formulate appropriate policies in practical sense. Based on the theory of stratum psychology and the intervention of psychological capital, this paper probes into the problem of the tendency of attribution outside the gap between the rich and the poor in the lower class from the perspective of three empirical studies. Specifically, first of all, through the way of investigation to understand the low-class groups of the gap between rich and poor attribution tendency. Then, the influence of psychological capital on low-level extraordinarily attributional tendency and its mediating mechanism are further explored by intervention experiment. In the first year of the study, 537 college students from different social classes in Hubei province were investigated by questionnaire. The results showed that the psychological capital level and the control sense level of the lower social class were lower than those of the high social class. And tend to the gap between the rich and poor external attribution. The influence of psychological capital on the external attribution tendency of the low class college students is mediated by the sense of control. The study of lb used questionnaire method to select typical low-class adult subjects in different provinces as the study subjects, the low-class participants (occupation for industrial workers, business service personnel, cleaning staff, customer service workers, workers, There were 185 male and 186 female subjects. The results show that the sense of control plays an intermediary role between psychological capital and the external attribution tendency of the gap between the rich and the poor. In the second study, 77 low-class college students were selected as subjects by experimental intervention. There were 38 cases in the experimental group and 39 cases in the control group. The results show that after the intervention of psychological capital, the level of psychological capital increases significantly, the level of sense of control increases significantly, and the external attribution tendency of the gap between the rich and the poor decreases significantly, in which the sense of control plays an intermediary role. In general, the results show that the lower class individuals prefer to attribute the gap between the rich and the poor to institutional, background and other external reasons. In order to alleviate this tendency of extrinsic attribution of the gap between the rich and the poor, we can raise the level of psychological capital of the lower class individuals through psychological capital intervention, including self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience. So as to promote the low class individual's tendency of external attribution of the gap between the rich and the poor, it can ultimately help the low class individual, reduce the external attribution and increase the internal attribution.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B848.3
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