情绪唤醒对项目与背景联结记忆的影响
发布时间：2018-11-22 13:37
【摘要】：现实生活中我们所经历的事件大多是以情景记忆的形式进行保存的,某特定事件的记忆可能包含有很多内容,对某情景的清晰回忆往往需要提取包含在某情景中的多个信息,而这些信息在大脑中的存储形式又是不同的,有些信息是与其他信息捆绑在一起进行存储的,而有些信息则较为特殊,作为单个元素进行存储。这样可能导致的后果就是某些信息容易得到提取,但却阻碍了与该信息相关的其他信息的提取,而有的信息则较为容易与相关的信息一同得到提取。诸多原因可能会导致上述现象,而情绪就是其中一个很重要的影响因素。很多研究已经发现了信息的情绪性可以提升其本身的记忆,但同时会削弱与其同时出现的中性信息记忆,而很多研究也都发现,情绪不仅造成不同信息的记忆效果不同,也造成了不同信息之间联结的差异。情绪对记忆的影响是近年来的研究热点,而情绪对信息之间联结的影响也成为近期研究的焦点之一。一些研究者使用情绪性词对,情绪性图片对该领域进行了相关研究,但很多问题还需要更多研究予解决和补充。以往研究使用的复杂情景图片以中性图片作为背景与情绪性项目进行联结,而背景的情绪性、背景编码的控制对项目-背景联结记忆的影响可以很好的验证和补充该领域的研究。本研究包括三个实验,实验1首先对不同情绪性项目和不同情绪性背景的联结记忆进行了研究,实验2和实验3在实验1的基础上考察了通过增强背景熟悉性或增加背景编码时间后情绪对项目与背景联结记忆的影响。实验1使用2(项目情绪性:消极,中性)×2(背景情绪性:消极,中性)的被试内设计,实验2使用2(项目情绪性:消极,中性)×2(背景情绪性:消极,中性)×2(背景预先呈现:有,无)的被试内设计,实验3使用2(项目情绪性:消极,中性)×2(背景情绪性:消极,中性)×2(背景呈现时间:5s,3s)的被试内设计,因变量是项目图片的再认率和项目-背景联结再认率。本研究得出如下结论:(1)项目和背景的情绪性能够增强项目和背景的记忆,但会抑制项目-背景的联结记忆,包含情绪性的项目-背景联结再认正确率显著低于中性项目与中性背景的联结再认正确率。(2)增强背景的熟悉性能够减弱情绪对项目-背景联结记忆的影响,但仍然无法消除情绪对项目-背景联结记忆的削弱作用。(3)优先对背景进行编码并且延长了背景的编码时间可以增强情绪性信息之间的联结,但仍然无法消除情绪对其的负面影响。说明情绪对项目-背景联结记忆的影响在编码阶段之外也存在其他的影响因素。
[Abstract]:In real life, most of the events we experience are preserved in the form of situational memory. The memory of a particular event may contain a lot of content. A clear recollection of a situation often requires the extraction of multiple information contained in a situation. However, the information is stored in different forms in the brain. Some information is bundled with other information for storage, while some information is special and stored as a single element. The result is that some information is easy to extract, but it prevents the extraction of other information, and some information can be easily extracted with the relevant information. Mood is one of the most important factors that can lead to these phenomena. Many studies have found that the emotional nature of information can enhance its own memory, but at the same time it weakens the memory of neutral information that appears at the same time, and many studies have also found that emotion not only results in different effects of memory of different information. It also causes differences in the connection between different information. The influence of emotion on memory has been a hot topic in recent years, and the influence of emotion on the connection between information has become one of the focuses of recent research. Some researchers use emotive word pairs and emotional images to study this field, but many problems need to be solved and supplemented. The images of complex scenarios used in previous studies were linked to emotional items with neutral images, and the emotional nature of the background. The effect of background coding control on item-background association memory can be well verified and supplemented in this field. This study consists of three experiments. In experiment 1, we first studied the associative memory of different emotional items and different emotional backgrounds. On the basis of experiment 1, experiments 2 and 3 examined the effect of emotion on item and background association memory by enhancing background familiarity or increasing background coding time. Experiment 1 used 2 (item emotion: negative, neutral) 脳 2 (background emotion: negative, neutral), experiment 2 used 2 (item emotion: negative, neutral) 脳 2 (background emotion: negative, neutral), In experiment 3, the subjects were designed with 2 (item emotion: negative, neutral) 脳 2 (background presentation time: 5s / 3s). Dependent variables are the recognition rate of the item image and the item-background link recognition rate. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the emotional nature of the project and background enhances the memory of the project and the background, but inhibits the associative memory of the project-background. The recognition accuracy rate of item-background association which includes emotion is significantly lower than that of neutral item and neutral background. (2) enhancing familiarity of background can weaken the influence of emotion on item-background association memory. But it still can't eliminate the weakening effect of emotion on item-background connection memory. (3) preferentially encode the background and prolong the encoding time of the background can enhance the connection between emotional information. But still can not eliminate the negative impact of emotion on it. It shows that there are other factors that affect item-background connection memory besides coding stage.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2349527
[Abstract]:In real life, most of the events we experience are preserved in the form of situational memory. The memory of a particular event may contain a lot of content. A clear recollection of a situation often requires the extraction of multiple information contained in a situation. However, the information is stored in different forms in the brain. Some information is bundled with other information for storage, while some information is special and stored as a single element. The result is that some information is easy to extract, but it prevents the extraction of other information, and some information can be easily extracted with the relevant information. Mood is one of the most important factors that can lead to these phenomena. Many studies have found that the emotional nature of information can enhance its own memory, but at the same time it weakens the memory of neutral information that appears at the same time, and many studies have also found that emotion not only results in different effects of memory of different information. It also causes differences in the connection between different information. The influence of emotion on memory has been a hot topic in recent years, and the influence of emotion on the connection between information has become one of the focuses of recent research. Some researchers use emotive word pairs and emotional images to study this field, but many problems need to be solved and supplemented. The images of complex scenarios used in previous studies were linked to emotional items with neutral images, and the emotional nature of the background. The effect of background coding control on item-background association memory can be well verified and supplemented in this field. This study consists of three experiments. In experiment 1, we first studied the associative memory of different emotional items and different emotional backgrounds. On the basis of experiment 1, experiments 2 and 3 examined the effect of emotion on item and background association memory by enhancing background familiarity or increasing background coding time. Experiment 1 used 2 (item emotion: negative, neutral) 脳 2 (background emotion: negative, neutral), experiment 2 used 2 (item emotion: negative, neutral) 脳 2 (background emotion: negative, neutral), In experiment 3, the subjects were designed with 2 (item emotion: negative, neutral) 脳 2 (background presentation time: 5s / 3s). Dependent variables are the recognition rate of the item image and the item-background link recognition rate. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the emotional nature of the project and background enhances the memory of the project and the background, but inhibits the associative memory of the project-background. The recognition accuracy rate of item-background association which includes emotion is significantly lower than that of neutral item and neutral background. (2) enhancing familiarity of background can weaken the influence of emotion on item-background association memory. But it still can't eliminate the weakening effect of emotion on item-background connection memory. (3) preferentially encode the background and prolong the encoding time of the background can enhance the connection between emotional information. But still can not eliminate the negative impact of emotion on it. It shows that there are other factors that affect item-background connection memory besides coding stage.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842
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2 聂爱情;;关联记忆的神经机制研究述评[J];应用心理学;2005年04期
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