焦虑状态下驾驶员视觉搜索的眼动研究

发布时间：2018-11-27 11:07

【摘要】：有统计数字表明，熟练驾驶员(Advanced driver)与新手驾驶员(Novice driver)相比，前者引发的交通事故比率要明显低于后者。司机的安全与如何搜索行车环境特别是路面信息有密切关系。焦虑是驾驶员常见的情绪，尤其常见于新手驾驶员，那么新手驾驶员视觉搜索特点与经验驾驶员的差异是否与焦虑有关？驾驶员在焦虑状态下视觉搜索特点是否会改变？本研究的目的正是要通过调查新手驾驶员在驾驶过程中的焦虑状态，了解新手驾驶员的焦虑情绪，通过实验分析新手与经验驾驶员在焦虑条件下视觉搜索模式的差异，对揭示经验和路况对视觉搜索模式的影响机制有一定的理论意义，也对新手驾驶员的培训是否要增加情绪调节环节有一定的实践意义。研究包括三个部分。研究一采用问卷法调查新手驾驶员与经验驾驶员在驾驶过程中的状态焦虑；研究二是一个2（分组：新手组、经验组）×2（路况：简单路况、复杂路况）的混合实验设计，该实验考察平静条件下新手驾驶员和经验驾驶员在视觉搜索特点上是否存在差异；研究三的实验设计与研究二相同，考察的是焦虑条件下新手驾驶员和经验驾驶员在视觉搜索特点上是否存在差异。通过分析实验结果，得出下列结论：（1）新手驾驶员与经验驾驶员相比，在驾驶中更容易产生焦虑情绪；（2）在平静条件下，无论是简单路况还是复杂路况，新手组和经验组的视觉搜索模式没有显著差异；（3）在平静条件下，路况条件不同，新手驾驶员和经验驾驶员都会改变视觉搜索模式，复杂路况下会增加对中间的注视；（4）实验室可以诱发驾驶员的焦虑情绪，，而且新手驾驶员的焦虑水平高于经验驾驶员；（5）焦虑可以引起驾驶员注视目标的减少，复杂路况比简单路况减少的更多，新手组驾驶员比经验组驾驶员减少的更多；（6）焦虑可以引起驾驶员的注意偏向，复杂路况比简单路况更容易引起注意偏向，新手组驾驶员比经验驾驶员出现更多的注意偏向。
[Abstract]:Some statistics show that the ratio of traffic accidents caused by (Advanced driver) of skilled drivers is obviously lower than that caused by (Novice driver) of novice drivers. The safety of drivers is closely related to how to search traffic environment, especially road information. Anxiety is a common emotion of drivers, especially for novice drivers, so is the difference between the visual search characteristics of novice drivers and experienced drivers related to anxiety? Will the driver's visual search characteristics change in a state of anxiety? The purpose of this study is to investigate the anxiety state of novice drivers in the process of driving, to understand the anxiety of novice drivers, and to analyze the differences between novice and experienced drivers in visual search mode under anxious conditions. It has certain theoretical significance to reveal the influence mechanism of experience and road conditions on visual search mode, and also has certain practical significance to whether the training of novice drivers should increase the emotional regulation link. The study consists of three parts. The first study investigated the state anxiety of novice drivers and experienced drivers in the process of driving by questionnaire. The second study is a mixed experimental design of 2 (grouping: novice group, experience group) 脳 2 (road condition: simple road condition, complex road condition), The experiment investigated whether there were differences in visual search characteristics between novice drivers and experienced drivers under calm conditions. The experimental design of study 3 is the same as that of study 2, and the differences between novice drivers and experienced drivers in visual search under anxiety conditions are investigated. By analyzing the experimental results, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) compared with experienced drivers, novice drivers are more likely to have anxiety in driving; (2) under calm conditions, there was no significant difference in visual search patterns between the novice group and the experience group, regardless of the simple or complex road conditions; (3) under the calm condition, the novice driver and the experienced driver will change the visual search mode, and under the complex road condition will increase the attention to the middle; (4) the anxiety level of novice drivers was higher than that of experienced drivers. (5) anxiety can cause the driver to focus on the target less, the complex road condition is more than the simple road condition, the novice group driver reduces more than the experience group driver; (6) anxiety can cause attention bias of drivers, complex road conditions are more likely to cause attention bias than simple road conditions, and novice drivers have more attention bias than experienced drivers.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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