信任和情绪在不同情境下对决策的影响

发布时间：2018-12-14 17:21

【摘要】：近年来随着媒体大量报道官方机构的负面新闻，使得社会对官方组织的整体公信力都有很大的下滑趋势，这不仅使得组织机构的工作效率降低，工作目标无法达成外，还造成公众对官方组织机构及权威专家发布的言论的负面敏感性，致使社会整体的公信力下降，甚至使公众做出不理性的负性的决策判断。那么研究信任等因素对决策的影响就有了其实际的研究意义。本研究尝试在慈善公益背景下，，设置两种不同的实验情境来考查被试的决策倾向，一个要求被试想象完成涉及高情感因素的任务，另一个要求被试想象完成涉及低情感因素的任务。研究整体共涉及三个自变量，即信任、情绪、情感相关任务，均为两个水平。具体地，实验一选用了信任、情感相关任务为自变量，来探索对决策判断的影响。结果显示：(1)信任对决策判断的影响差异显著；(2)情感相关任务对决策判断的影响差异显著；(3)信任、情感相关任务两因素之间的交互作用差异显著；(4)无论是高情感相关任务还是低情感相关任务，高信任者均比低信任者更易做出积极肯定的决策判断；(5)在高信任水平下，高情感相关任务情境下做出的决策与低情感相关任务情境下做出的决策之间差异不显著；在低信任水平下，高情感相关任务情境下比低情感相关任务情境下更倾向于做出消极否定的决策，即差异显著。实验二在实验一的基础上加入了具体的情绪变量，分为积极情绪和消极情绪两个水平，且均为地震背景下的情绪唤醒。目的是考查加入具体的情绪变量的作用后是否会改变个体的决策。实验结果显示：(1)信任、情绪、情感相关任务等三因素的主效应均显著，即对决策判断的影响均差异显著；(2)信任、情绪两因素之间的交互作用差异显著，情绪、情感相关任务两因素之间的交互作用差异显著；信任、情感相关任务两因素之间的交互作用差异不显著；(3)信任、情绪、情感相关任务等三因素的交互作用显著；(4)无论在积极情绪还是消极情绪下，无论在高情感相关任务情境下还是低情感相关任务下，高信任者均比低信任者更易做出积极肯定的决策判断；(5)在低信任-积极情绪水平下，情感相关任务对决策判断的影响不显著；在低信任-消极情绪水平下，行为主体在高情感相关任务情境下比在低情感相关任务情境下更倾向于做出消极否定的决策判断，即差异显著。当然，由于客观实验条件的限制，实验变量控制（包括实验环境）的严谨程度等问题可能在某种程度上影响了实验的信效度，使本研究还存在着不少缺陷有待改进的地方。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with a large number of media reports on the negative news of official organizations, the society has a great downward trend towards the overall credibility of official organizations, which not only makes the work efficiency of organizations lower, but also the work goals can not be achieved. It also causes the negative sensitivity of the public to the statements issued by the official organizations and authoritative experts, which results in the decline of the credibility of the society as a whole, and even makes the public make irrational and negative decisions. So it has practical significance to study the influence of trust and other factors on decision-making. This study tries to set up two different experimental situations to examine the decision tendency of the subjects under the background of charity public welfare. One requires the subjects to complete the tasks involving high emotional factors. Another asked subjects to imagine completing tasks involving low emotional factors. The whole study involved three independent variables, namely, trust, emotion and affective related tasks. Specifically, experiment 1 uses trust and affective related tasks as independent variables to explore the influence on decision-making judgment. The results showed that: (1) the influence of trust on decision judgment was significant; (2) affective related tasks had significant influence on decision judgment; (3) there were significant differences between the two factors of trust and affective related tasks; (4) whether it is high affective related task or low affective related task, it is easier for the high trust person to make positive decision judgment than the low trust person; (5) under the condition of high trust, there was no significant difference between the decisions made in the context of high affective related tasks and those made in the context of low affective related tasks; In the low trust level, the high affective related task situation is more inclined to make the negative decision than the low emotion related task situation, that is, the difference is significant. On the basis of experiment 1, the second experiment adds specific emotional variables, which can be divided into two levels: positive emotion and negative emotion, and both of them are emotional arousal in earthquake background. The aim was to see if adding specific emotional variables would change the individual's decision-making. The results show that: (1) the main effects of trust, emotion and affective related tasks are significant, that is, the influence on decision judgment is significant; (2) there were significant differences in the interaction between the two factors of trust, emotion, emotion and affective tasks, but there was no significant difference in the interaction between the two factors of trust and emotion. (3) the interaction of trust, emotion and affective related tasks was significant; (4) in both positive and negative emotions, whether in the context of high affective related tasks or low affective related tasks, high trust people are more likely to make positive and positive decision judgment than those with low trust; (5) at the level of low trust and positive emotion, affective tasks have no significant influence on decision judgment; At the level of low trust and negative emotion, the behavior subjects tend to make negative decision judgment in the high affective related task situation than in the low affective related task situation, that is, the difference is significant. Of course, due to the limitation of objective experimental conditions, the rigorous degree of experimental variable control (including the experimental environment) may affect the reliability and validity of the experiment to some extent, so there are still many defects in this study to be improved.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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