积极情绪对自我损耗的预防与补偿作用

发布时间：2019-01-04 10:16

【摘要】：国内外许多研究发现,自我控制行为会产生自我损耗效应,即后续的自我控制操作表现下降。控制自我损耗效应成为了众多研究者关心的一个研究课题。研究人员从很多不同角度寻找方法预防自我损耗发生,或者在自我损耗发生后对减少的资源进行补偿,使后续任务得以更好地完成。近几年,随着积极心理学的兴起,研究者从关注个体负面的行为和情绪中逐渐转移出来,用积极的视角解决心理学的问题。本文拟从积极心理学的视角出发,通过2项研究4项实验探讨积极情绪影响自我损耗的方式,并力图将研究结果推广到运动情境中。研究一通过3个实验,在自控行为前、后或前后两次诱发研究参与者的不同情绪,假设积极情绪较中性情绪能够补偿或扩展自我控制的资源,减少自控损耗产生的负性影响。结果显示,对比中性情绪,积极情绪在自我控制任务后可以补偿个体自我控制的资源,缓解自我损耗。更重要的是,积极情绪还可以在自我控制任务前扩展个体资源,对自我损耗起到预防作用。自我损耗任务前后两次诱发积极情绪起的叠加作用对自我损耗有缓解作用,但并不存在叠加后更好的效果。研究二探讨了运动情境中积极情绪对运动员自我损耗的预防作用。实验为更好的针对运动情景,在研究一的预防作用实验程序上做了一定修改：实验参与者为现役运动员,自我控制任务由“别想白熊”改为“别想教练”,最后的检测任务是估计自行车的骑行时间。研究假设是估计时间越短的运动员自我损耗越少。结果显示,观看积极情绪视频的运动员估计骑行的时间更短,这再次说明,积极情绪对自我损耗可以起到预防的作用。据此,本研究得到以下结论：1)积极情绪对自我损耗具有补偿作用；2)积极情绪对自我控制资源有扩展作用,因而可以预防自我损耗。3)补偿和预防作用与叠加作用没有明显区别。4)在运动情境中,积极情绪可以对自我损耗起预防作用,即诱发积极情绪后,可以有足够的资源和精力完成后继的自我控制任务。5)将自我控制的力量模型(Baumeister et al.,1998,2000)与积极情绪的拓展与建构理论(Fredrickson,1998)相结合,有助于寻找控制自我损耗效应的新方法。
[Abstract]:Many studies at home and abroad have found that self-control behavior will have a self-loss effect, that is, the subsequent performance of self-control operations will decline. Controlling self-loss effect has become a research topic concerned by many researchers. Researchers look for ways to prevent self-loss from occurring from many different angles, or to compensate for the loss of resources after self-depletion, so that the follow-up task can be better accomplished. In recent years, with the rise of positive psychology, researchers have gradually shifted from paying attention to the negative behaviors and emotions of individuals, and solved the psychological problems from a positive perspective. From the perspective of positive psychology, this paper attempts to explore the ways in which positive emotions affect self-loss through two studies and four experiments, and try to extend the results to sports situations. In the first study, three experiments were conducted to induce different emotions of the participants before, after or after the self-control behavior, assuming that the positive emotion can compensate or expand the resources of self-control and reduce the negative effect of self-control loss. The results showed that compared with neutral emotion, positive emotion can compensate the resources of individual self-control after self-control task, and alleviate the loss of self-control. More importantly, positive emotions can also expand individual resources in front of self-control tasks and prevent self-depletion. The superposition of positive emotion induced twice before and after the self-depletion task can alleviate the self-loss, but there is no better effect after superposition. The second study discussed the preventive effect of positive emotion on athletes' self-loss. In order to better target the exercise situation, the experiment made some changes in the preventive effect experimental procedure of study one: the participants in the experiment were active athletes, and the self-control task changed from "Don't think white bear" to "don't think of coach." The final task is to estimate the cycle time. The study hypothesized that the shorter the estimated time, the less self-loss the athletes had. The results showed that the athletes who watched the positive emotion video estimated that the cycling time was shorter, which again showed that positive emotion could prevent the loss of self. Based on this, the conclusions are as follows: 1) positive emotion can compensate for self-loss; 2) positive emotion can expand self-control resources, so it can prevent self-loss. 3) compensation and prevention have no significant difference from superposition. 4) in exercise situation, positive emotion can prevent self-depletion. That is, after inducing positive emotion, we can have enough resources and energy to complete the subsequent self-control task. 5) combine the self-control force model (Baumeister et al.,1998,2000) with the expansion and construction theory of positive emotion (Fredrickson,1998). It is helpful to find a new way to control the self-loss effect.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842.6

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