P300与创造性组块分解

发布时间：2019-02-25 13:39

【摘要】：创造性在人类发展中扮演重要角色,而顿悟问题解决则是创造性的关键方面.组块分解是通达创造性顿悟的一种机制.其假设认为组块分解的难度取决于被分解组块的紧密性:紧组块涉及移除无意义的知觉元素,而松组块涉及移除有意义的知觉元素,紧组块分解比松组块分解更难.考虑到组块分解也受其他因素如空间关系的影响,基于元素类型假设的相关研究并没有排除这些因素.本研究在控制了混淆因素后检验组块分解的认知神经机制,特别是在控制了空间关系这一混淆因素后,基于元素类型的组块分解是否能引发P300效应.被试在两种条件下从一个源汉字中移除笔画(紧组块条件)或者汉字(松组块条件)从而得到另外一个汉字.保持两组条件下源汉字中的被移除部件和剩余部件都是上下关系,同时记录这个过程产生的事件相关电位.行为结果显示,紧组块分解比松组块分解耗时更长.脑电结果显示,基于元素类型的组块分解引发了P300效应:紧组块条件比松组块条件引发了更大波幅的P300.研究提示,元素类型是组块分解的困难源之一并且组块分解可能涉及知觉转换过程中的表征更新.
[Abstract]:Creativity plays an important role in human development, and epiphany problem solving is the key aspect of creativity. Block decomposition is a mechanism for achieving creative epiphany. It is assumed that the difficulty of block decomposition depends on the compactness of decomposed blocks: compact blocks involve the removal of meaningless perceptual elements, while loose blocks involve the removal of meaningful perceptual elements, and compact block decomposition is more difficult than loose block decomposition. Considering that block decomposition is also influenced by other factors such as spatial relationship, the related research based on element type hypothesis does not exclude these factors. In this study, the cognitive neural mechanism of block decomposition was examined after controlling for the confusion factor, especially, after controlling the confusion factor of spatial relationship, whether the element type based block decomposition could induce the P300 effect or not. The subjects removed stroke (compact block condition) or Chinese character (loose block condition) from one source Chinese character under two conditions to get another Chinese character. The removed parts and the remaining components in the source Chinese characters are kept to be upper and lower under the two conditions, and the event-related potentials generated by this process are recorded at the same time. The behavior results show that the decomposition time of compact block is longer than that of loose block decomposition. The results of EEG show that block decomposition based on element type causes P300 effect: tight block condition induces P300 with larger amplitude than loose block condition. It is suggested that element type is one of the difficult sources of block decomposition and block decomposition may involve representation updating during perceptual transformation.
【作者单位】：辽宁师范大学脑与认知神经科学研究中心;深圳大学心理与社会学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31100740,31271088,30370488) 教育部人文社会科学重点研究项目(11JJD190002)资助
【分类号】：B842.7

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