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多维题组效应模型的开发与应用

发布时间:2019-04-03 11:47
【摘要】:随着当今心理与教育领域测验的发展,测验已经出现了由采用独立多项选择题向采用题组的过渡趋势。为了满足实际测验的需要,对题组进行研究的必要性日显突出。本文首先对题组的相关概念给予综述,在阐明了处理题组数据时若忽略题组效应会导致参数估计偏差等诸多问题后介绍了6个已有题组反应模型对题组效应的处理方法。并探讨了“广义局部独立性假设”、“题组反应模型和多维项目反应模型的关系”以及“题组反应模型、二阶模型和双因素模型间的关系”三个问题。 基于上述回顾,笔者认识到已有的题组反应模型研究均假设题组项目反应仅受到1个共同刺激的影响,这导致了“题组”概念的内涵与外延不互补。在对题组本质的诠释(即一个存在共同刺激的项目集合)的基础上,又提出了项目内多维题组效应的概念,而这是已有题组反应模型所无法处理的。对此,本研究先将单维题组效应参数γ扩展为多维题组效应矩阵r并设定判定矩阵U以期有效合理地抽离项目内多维题组效应,基于此提出了(项目内)多维题组效应模型,且采用马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛算法实现了模型的参数估计。在研究一中与单维题组效应模型和标准项目反应模型的对比研究表明:(1)当测验存在项目内多维题组效应时,采用单维题组效应模型或标准项目反应模型均会导致参数的偏差估计;(2)多维题组效应模型相对于单维题组效应模型和标准项目反应模型更具普适性。 之后,本文进一步拓广了多维题组效应模型,提出:将目标潜质与多维题组效应设定为具有不同区分度参数的广义多维题组效应模型,同样采用马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛算法实现了模型的参数估计。在研究二中与多维题组效应模型的对比研究表明:(1)当不考虑模型复杂性时,广义多维题组效应模型优于多维题组效应模型;(2)当考虑模型复杂性时,多维题组效应模型比广义多维题组效应模型更适用于处理较简单的测验情景。可以说,广义多维题组效应模型与多维题组效应模型各有优势,适用于不同的测验情景。 再后,本文探讨了多维题组效应模型、分层模型和高阶模型之间的关系,认为多维题组效应模型与分层模型和高阶模型三者近似等价。 最后,本文对国际阅读素养进步研究2006进行了实证分析。分析结果表明多维题组效应模型在实际测验分析中具有可行性。
[Abstract]:With the development of psychological and educational field tests, there has been a transition from independent multi-choice questions to adoption groups. In order to meet the needs of the actual test, the necessity of studying the group is becoming more and more prominent. In this paper, the related concepts of cluster are summarized firstly. After clarifying many problems such as parameter estimation deviation caused by neglecting cluster effect when dealing with cluster data, this paper introduces the treatment methods of cluster effect by six existing cluster response models. Three problems are also discussed: "the generalized local independence hypothesis", "the relationship between the cluster response model and the multi-dimensional project response model" and "the relationship between the cluster response model, the second-order model and the two-factor model". Based on the above-mentioned review, the author recognizes that the existing research on cluster response model assumes that the cluster project response is only influenced by one common stimulus, which leads to the incomplementarity of the connotation and extension of the concept of "cluster". On the basis of the interpretation of the essence of the cluster (that is, a set of items with common stimuli), the concept of multi-dimensional cluster effect within the project is proposed, which can not be dealt with by the existing cluster response models. In this paper, the one-dimensional cluster effect parameter 纬 is extended to multi-dimensional cluster effect matrix r and the decision matrix U is set up in order to extract the multi-dimensional cluster effect effectively and reasonably. Based on this, a multidimensional cluster effect model (within the project) is proposed. The Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to estimate the parameters of the model. Compared with the one-dimensional cluster effect model and the standard item response model in study one, the results show that: (1) when there is multi-dimensional cluster effect in the item, the results show that: (1) when there is multi-dimensional cluster effect, The use of one-dimensional group effect model or standard project response model will lead to parameter deviation estimation; (2) the multi-dimensional group effect model is more universal than the one-dimensional group effect model and the standard project response model. Then, this paper extends the multi-dimensional group effect model, and proposes that the target potential and the multi-dimensional group effect are set as the generalized multi-dimensional group effect model with different discriminative parameters, and that the target potential and the multi-dimensional group effect are set as the generalized multi-dimensional group effect model. Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is also used to estimate the parameters of the model. The comparative study of the second middle model and the multi-dimensional group effect model shows that: (1) when the complexity of the model is not considered, the generalized multi-dimensional group effect model is better than the multi-dimensional group effect model; (2) when the complexity of the model is considered, the multi-dimensional group effect model is more suitable than the generalized multi-dimensional group effect model for dealing with simple test situations. It can be said that the generalized multi-dimensional group effect model and the multi-dimensional group effect model have their own advantages and are suitable for different test scenarios. Then, the relationship among multi-dimensional group effect model, hierarchical model and higher-order model is discussed, and it is considered that the multi-dimensional group effect model is approximately equivalent to the hierarchical model and higher-order model. Finally, this paper carries on the empirical analysis to the international reading literacy progress research 2006. The results show that the multi-dimensional group effect model is feasible in practical test analysis.
【学位授予单位】:浙江师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:B84-0

【参考文献】

相关期刊论文 前6条

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3 郑蝉金;郭聪颖;边玉芳;;变通的题组项目功能差异检验方法在篇章阅读测验中的应用[J];心理学报;2011年07期

4 刘s,

本文编号:2453184


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