行为抑制性别效应的再探索
发布时间：2019-04-26 19:00
【摘要】：行为抑制是指在特定环境下对优势反应或习惯行为的抑制,它居于人类执行功能系统的核心地位,对个体的行为反应起调控作用。作为一种重要的监控职能,行为抑制可以有效引导个体基于环境变化采取灵活变通的反应策略,最终做出正确的行为决策。冲突觉察和反应抑制是研究者考查个体行为抑制能力的重点。 性别差异作为个体差异的一个典型特征,在行为抑制的研究中得到了充分重视。已有研究采用oddball任务发现在行为抑制上存在显著的性别差异。但值得注意的是,oddball任务中标准刺激和偏差刺激的出现频率并不对等,我们很难判断此处存在的行为抑制性别效应是否会与oddball范式可能存在的小概率偏差效应相混淆。因此,我们有必要将oddball任务的行为抑制效应与小概率偏差刺激加工效应分离,以探求行为抑制性别效应的真实有效性以及oddball任务条件下该效应的信效度。此外,研究者普遍认为情绪,尤其是负性情绪会削弱个体的行为抑制加工,但对于情绪影响下的行为抑制是否仍然存在性别差异仍不清楚。因此,为探明行为抑制的性别差异是否真实存在,以及情绪在行为抑制性别效应中的作用机制,本研究拟采用高时间分辨率的事件相关电位(ERPs)技术和Go/Nogo任务范式,试图对行为抑制性别效应的有效性及情绪性影响进行探讨,并初步探索其内在认知神经机制。 实验一采用经典的Go/Nogo范式,通过操作go刺激和nogo刺激的出现频率,排除oddball任务刺激频率不对等的影响,将实验分为相等概率(50%VS50%)和不等概率(30%VS70%)两种条件,以考察行为抑制的性别效应是否独立于oddball任务的小概率偏差刺激加工效应。结果发现,较之相等概率,个体在不等概率条件下具有更低的反应准确率,以及更长的反应时,呈现显著的“速度-准确率”失衡效应。对脑电成分的分析除发现显著的概率主效应(不等概率条件下的N2和P3波幅均大于等概率条件,表明该实验概率条件设置成功,不等概率条件下的nogo刺激有效诱发了个体的小概率偏差刺激加工,保证了实验的信效度)外,还发现显著的性别效应,即不等概率条件下女性比男性出现了更大的N2和P3波幅。因此,本研究认为oddball任务中发现的行为抑制性别效应具有真实有效性,且女性更强的小概率偏差刺激加工能力对这种性别差异可能具有促进作用,更加突显了女性较之于男性更强的行为抑制能力,从而直接加剧了男女两性间的差异。 实验二采用改编版的内隐Go/Nogo任务对情绪在行为抑制性别效应中的影响进行了进一步的探讨。为保证实验过程中情绪诱发的稳定性和持久性,实验采用block设计,共分为负性和中性两种条件,每种条件有10组图片共400个刺激试次。实验要求被试忽略情绪情境的影响而只对图片中间的字母进行反应。重复测量方差分析(ANOVA)显示,个体在负性情绪下的表现差于中性条件,表现为负性情绪下个体更低的反应准确率、更高的虚报率以及显著的反应时延迟效应。对脑电成分的分析除发现显著的情绪效应外(负性情绪下的N2和P3波幅均大于中性条件,提示情绪诱发成功),还发现显著的情绪和性别交互效应,且这种交互影响贯穿于行为抑制的知觉加工、冲突监控和反应抑制等多个阶段。进一步分析发现,女性的N2和P3波幅均大于男性,且这种差异在负性情绪条件下最为显著。这可能与女性较之于男性更高的情绪识别能力和情绪加工优势有关,从而使其能快速觉察到偏离于任务要求的其他刺激冲突,并能迅速调动认知资源进行有效的行为抑制。 本研究着眼于行为抑制的性别效应是否具备可靠信效度这一问题,通过对其加以验证和区分,得到了关于行为抑制性别效应的相关研究证据。研究结果表明行为抑制的性别效应具备真实有效性,女性的行为抑制能力优于男性,且负性情绪影响下该效应更为显著。女性对情绪性事件和小概率偏差刺激的高易感性可能对其高于男性的行为抑制能力具有促进作用。这对于我们深化理解行为抑制及其性别效应,以及性别、情绪和行为抑制的相互关系都有重要借鉴意义,同时也能进一步理解女性更高的情绪障碍发生率以及男性更高的冲动犯罪率现象,从而为抑郁症的诊疗及心理健康教育提供一定参考。
[Abstract]:Behavior inhibition refers to the suppression of an advantage reaction or a habit behavior in a specific environment, which is the core position of the human execution function system and plays a role in regulating the behavior of the individual. As an important monitoring function, the behavior inhibition can effectively guide the individual to adopt the flexible and flexible reaction strategy based on the environmental change, and finally make the correct behavior decision. Conflict awareness and reaction inhibition were the focus of the researchers' ability to examine individual behavior. The gender difference, as a typical characteristic of individual difference, has been sufficiently heavy in the study of behavior inhibition. Visual. There have been studies using the oddall task to find a significant gender difference in behavior inhibition However, it is worth noting that the frequency of standard stimulation and bias stimulation in the oddall task is not correct, and it is difficult to determine whether the behavior-inhibiting gender effect here can be mixed with the small probability deviation effect that the oddall paradigm may exist. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the behavioral inhibition effect of oddall task with the small probability bias stimulation processing effect to explore the true effectiveness of the behavior and the effect of oddall task conditions. In addition, the researchers generally agree that the mood, especially the negative emotion, will weaken the behavior of the individual, but it is still unclear whether the behavior in the influence of the emotion still exists. As a result, it is proposed to adopt the event-related potential (ERPs) technology and the Go/ Nogo task of high-time resolution for the purpose of finding out whether the gender difference of the inhibition of the behavior is true or not, and the mechanism of the action of the emotion in the inhibition of the gender effect. The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness and the emotional impact of the behavior-inhibiting gender effect, and to explore its own in the cognitive neurotic machine. By using the classical Go/ Nogo paradigm, the experiment is divided into equal probability (50% VS50%) and non-equal probability (30% VSS70%) by operating the frequency of the go-stimulation and nogo stimulation, and eliminating the influence of oddall task stimulation frequency. Whether the gender effect of behavior inhibition is independent of the small probability deviation stimulus of the oddall task in order to investigate whether the sex effect of the behavior inhibition is independent of the oddall task The result shows that, compared with the equal probability, the individual has lower reaction accuracy under the condition of unequal probability, and when the reaction is longer, the individual exhibits significant "speed-accuracy" loss. The analysis of the electrical component of the brain, in addition to finding a significant probability main effect (the amplitude of N2 and P3 under the condition of unequal probability) is greater than the equal probability condition, indicates that the experimental probability condition is set to be successful, and the nogo stimulation under the condition of unequal probability is effective to induce the small probability deviation of the individual. It is also found that there is a significant gender effect, that is, there is a greater N2 and P in the female than the male under the condition of unequal probability. 3. Therefore, this study is of the opinion that the behaviors found in the oddall task have the real effectiveness in inhibiting the gender effect, and the more powerful small-probability bias stimulation processing capacity of the female can promote the gender difference, and the behavior of the female to be stronger than that of the male is more emphasized. The ability to make it directly aggravate the gender gap between men and women The effect of the effect of the emotion in the action-inhibition of the gender effect was carried out by the implicit Go/ Nogo task of the experimental two. In order to ensure the stability and persistence of the emotion in the course of the experiment, the experiment is designed with block design, which is divided into negative and neutral conditions. The experiment requires the participants to ignore the influence of the emotional context and only the words in the middle of the picture The analysis of the variance of variance (ANOVA) showed that the expression of the individual in the negative mood was inferior to the neutral condition, showing the lower response rate of the individual in the negative mood, the higher false reporting rate and the significant reaction. Time delay effect. The analysis of the brain electrical component, in addition to the significant emotional effects (both the N2 and P3 amplitudes in the negative mood were greater than the neutral condition, suggested the mood-induced success), and also found significant emotional and gender interaction effects, and the interaction effects throughout the behavior inhibition Perceptual processing, conflict monitoring and reaction inhibition Further analysis found that the N2 and P3 amplitude of the female was greater than that of the male, and this difference was in the negative mood condition. The most significant. This may be related to the higher emotional identification and emotional processing advantages of a woman than a male, so that it can quickly perceive other stimulus conflicts that deviate from the task's requirements, and can quickly mobilize cognitive resources for effective The study focuses on the question of whether the sex effect of behavior inhibition has the reliability and validity, and the gender effect on behavior is obtained through the verification and differentiation of the behavior. The results of the study show that the sex effect of behavior inhibition is effective and that the behavior of female is superior to that of male, and the negative effect of negative emotion This effect is more pronounced. The high susceptibility of women to emotional and small-probability bias stimulation may be higher than the male behavior inhibition It is of great significance for us to deepen the understanding of behavior inhibition and its gender effect, as well as the relationship between sex, emotion and behavior, and can further understand the higher incidence of emotional disorder and higher male rate of the female. The phenomenon of impulse crime, thus the diagnosis and treatment of the depression and the mental health education
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2466317
[Abstract]:Behavior inhibition refers to the suppression of an advantage reaction or a habit behavior in a specific environment, which is the core position of the human execution function system and plays a role in regulating the behavior of the individual. As an important monitoring function, the behavior inhibition can effectively guide the individual to adopt the flexible and flexible reaction strategy based on the environmental change, and finally make the correct behavior decision. Conflict awareness and reaction inhibition were the focus of the researchers' ability to examine individual behavior. The gender difference, as a typical characteristic of individual difference, has been sufficiently heavy in the study of behavior inhibition. Visual. There have been studies using the oddall task to find a significant gender difference in behavior inhibition However, it is worth noting that the frequency of standard stimulation and bias stimulation in the oddall task is not correct, and it is difficult to determine whether the behavior-inhibiting gender effect here can be mixed with the small probability deviation effect that the oddall paradigm may exist. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the behavioral inhibition effect of oddall task with the small probability bias stimulation processing effect to explore the true effectiveness of the behavior and the effect of oddall task conditions. In addition, the researchers generally agree that the mood, especially the negative emotion, will weaken the behavior of the individual, but it is still unclear whether the behavior in the influence of the emotion still exists. As a result, it is proposed to adopt the event-related potential (ERPs) technology and the Go/ Nogo task of high-time resolution for the purpose of finding out whether the gender difference of the inhibition of the behavior is true or not, and the mechanism of the action of the emotion in the inhibition of the gender effect. The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness and the emotional impact of the behavior-inhibiting gender effect, and to explore its own in the cognitive neurotic machine. By using the classical Go/ Nogo paradigm, the experiment is divided into equal probability (50% VS50%) and non-equal probability (30% VSS70%) by operating the frequency of the go-stimulation and nogo stimulation, and eliminating the influence of oddall task stimulation frequency. Whether the gender effect of behavior inhibition is independent of the small probability deviation stimulus of the oddall task in order to investigate whether the sex effect of the behavior inhibition is independent of the oddall task The result shows that, compared with the equal probability, the individual has lower reaction accuracy under the condition of unequal probability, and when the reaction is longer, the individual exhibits significant "speed-accuracy" loss. The analysis of the electrical component of the brain, in addition to finding a significant probability main effect (the amplitude of N2 and P3 under the condition of unequal probability) is greater than the equal probability condition, indicates that the experimental probability condition is set to be successful, and the nogo stimulation under the condition of unequal probability is effective to induce the small probability deviation of the individual. It is also found that there is a significant gender effect, that is, there is a greater N2 and P in the female than the male under the condition of unequal probability. 3. Therefore, this study is of the opinion that the behaviors found in the oddall task have the real effectiveness in inhibiting the gender effect, and the more powerful small-probability bias stimulation processing capacity of the female can promote the gender difference, and the behavior of the female to be stronger than that of the male is more emphasized. The ability to make it directly aggravate the gender gap between men and women The effect of the effect of the emotion in the action-inhibition of the gender effect was carried out by the implicit Go/ Nogo task of the experimental two. In order to ensure the stability and persistence of the emotion in the course of the experiment, the experiment is designed with block design, which is divided into negative and neutral conditions. The experiment requires the participants to ignore the influence of the emotional context and only the words in the middle of the picture The analysis of the variance of variance (ANOVA) showed that the expression of the individual in the negative mood was inferior to the neutral condition, showing the lower response rate of the individual in the negative mood, the higher false reporting rate and the significant reaction. Time delay effect. The analysis of the brain electrical component, in addition to the significant emotional effects (both the N2 and P3 amplitudes in the negative mood were greater than the neutral condition, suggested the mood-induced success), and also found significant emotional and gender interaction effects, and the interaction effects throughout the behavior inhibition Perceptual processing, conflict monitoring and reaction inhibition Further analysis found that the N2 and P3 amplitude of the female was greater than that of the male, and this difference was in the negative mood condition. The most significant. This may be related to the higher emotional identification and emotional processing advantages of a woman than a male, so that it can quickly perceive other stimulus conflicts that deviate from the task's requirements, and can quickly mobilize cognitive resources for effective The study focuses on the question of whether the sex effect of behavior inhibition has the reliability and validity, and the gender effect on behavior is obtained through the verification and differentiation of the behavior. The results of the study show that the sex effect of behavior inhibition is effective and that the behavior of female is superior to that of male, and the negative effect of negative emotion This effect is more pronounced. The high susceptibility of women to emotional and small-probability bias stimulation may be higher than the male behavior inhibition It is of great significance for us to deepen the understanding of behavior inhibition and its gender effect, as well as the relationship between sex, emotion and behavior, and can further understand the higher incidence of emotional disorder and higher male rate of the female. The phenomenon of impulse crime, thus the diagnosis and treatment of the depression and the mental health education
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
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