自主性动机量表的编制与影响机制

发布时间：2019-06-10 05:02

【摘要】：自主性动机(autonomous motivation)是个体出于自己的兴趣或个人信念而自由选择从事某项行为的动机(VansteenkisteSheldon,2006)。近年来,心理学界对自主性动机的研究已经涉及到了学生学习与教育、心理咨询与治疗、企业管理等多个领域,自主性动机对于个体的积极作用也已经得到了广泛证实。关于自主性动的研究既能促进自我决定理论的发展,又能为教育、管理等相关领域的实践提供参考和借鉴意义。但是已有的用于测量自主性动机的工具多数只能用于测量某一具体领域或具体任务情境下的自主性动机,无法对个体日常生活中的自主性动机进行测量。因此,本研究首先将结合文献资料和已有的测验量表,编制出可用于反映成人日常生活中自主性动机的量表。为了开发这个测验量表,本研究首先对自主性动机概念进行分析,提出自主性动机的操作定义;然后收集所有自主性动机的测验量表,选取其中符合理论构想的部分组成初始量表,在预测试的基础上筛选测验题目,组成正式测验;之后进行复测,分析正式量表的结构,同时收集测验量表的信效度等测量学指标。然后,根据理论上自主性动机的影响因素及各变量之间的关系,实际运用所编量表,探讨父母自主支持对自主性动机的影响,以及基本心理需要在其中的中介作用,进一步说明本量表在理论上的合理性及使用中的稳定性。本研究由两个研究组成:研究一:通过文献分析和与相关领域的专家进行讨论,参考已有测量工具,编制《自主性动机量表(初测版)》。选取296名大学生被试进行预测试。对测量数据进行探索性因子分析,结合分析结果,初步确定《自主性动机量表》的基本维度,并对若干题目进行调整或删除,最终形成《自主性动机量表(正式版)》。然后,另外选取272名大学生进行正式测试,收集关于量表内部一致性信度、结构效度、效标效度等检验指标,最终形成《自主性动机量表》。研究二:采用研究一编制的《自主性动机量表》和《父母自主支持问卷》、《基本需要满足量表》等对大学生被试进行测量。探讨自主性动机的影响因素,包括父母自主支持、基本心理需要、家庭社会经济地位、人口学变量等,以及心理需要在父母自主支持与自主性动机中的中介作用。两个研究得到的主要结论如下:1本研究所编制的《自主性动机量表》具有良好的内部一致性信度、结构效度和外部效度,各项指标均符合心理测量学相关要求,可用于测量成人日常生活中的自主性动机。2自主性动机的结构由四个维度构成——意愿性、兴趣性、认同性和挑战性。本研究所界定的自主性动机的四维度结构,在理论层面和测量学层面上均是合理的。3作为重要的环境变量,父母自主支持对自主性动机有正向预测作用,且这种作用是通过基本心理需要的中介作用实现的。未发现家庭社会经济地位与自主性动机的关系。
[Abstract]:Autonomous motivation (autonomous motivation) is the motivation (VansteenkisteSheldon,2006) for individuals to freely choose to engage in certain behaviors out of their own interests or personal beliefs. In recent years, the research on autonomous motivation in psychology has covered many fields, such as students' learning and education, psychological counseling and treatment, enterprise management and so on. The positive role of autonomous motivation in individuals has also been widely confirmed. The study of autonomous motion can not only promote the development of self-determination theory, but also provide reference and reference significance for the practice of education, management and other related fields. However, most of the existing tools to measure autonomous motivation can only be used to measure autonomous motivation in a specific field or specific task situation, and can not measure the autonomous motivation in individual daily life. Therefore, this study will first combine the literature and the existing scales to develop a scale that can be used to reflect the autonomous motivation in adult daily life. In order to develop the scale, this study first analyzes the concept of autonomous motivation and puts forward the operational definition of autonomous motivation. Then all the scales of autonomous motivation are collected, and the parts that accord with the theoretical conception are selected to form the initial scale. On the basis of the predictive test, the test questions are screened and the formal test is formed. After that, the structure of the formal scale was analyzed, and the reliability and validity of the scale were collected. Then, according to the influencing factors of autonomous motivation in theory and the relationship among variables, this paper actually uses the compiled scale to explore the influence of parental autonomous support on autonomous motivation and the intermediary role of basic psychological needs in it. The rationality of the scale in theory and the stability in its use are further explained. This study consists of two studies: research one: through literature analysis and discussion with experts in related fields, referring to the existing measurement tools, the Autonomous motivation scale (preliminary Test Edition) is compiled. 296 college students were selected for predictive test. Through exploratory factor analysis of the measured data, combined with the results of the analysis, the basic dimensions of the Autonomy motivation scale are preliminarily determined, and some topics are adjusted or deleted, and finally the Autonomy motivation scale (official version) is formed. Then, 272 college students were selected for formal test, and the internal consistency reliability, structural validity and validity of the scale were collected, and the autonomous motivation scale was finally formed. Study 2: the autonomous motivation scale, parental autonomous support questionnaire and basic needs satisfaction scale were used to measure the college students. This paper discusses the influencing factors of autonomous motivation, including parental autonomous support, basic psychological needs, family socio-economic status, demographic variables, and the intermediary role of psychological needs in parental autonomous support and autonomous motivation. The main conclusions of the two studies are as follows: 1 the autonomous motivation scale developed in this study has good internal consistency reliability, structural validity and external validity, and all the indexes meet the requirements of psychometrics. It can be used to measure the autonomous motivation in adult daily life. 2 the structure of autonomous motivation consists of four dimensions-willfulness, interest, identity and challenge. The four-dimensional structure of autonomous motivation defined in this study is reasonable at the theoretical level and the measurement level. 3 as an important environmental variable, parental autonomous support has a positive predictive effect on autonomous motivation. And this kind of function is realized through the intermediary function of the basic psychological need. No relationship between family socio-economic status and autonomy motivation was found.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B848

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